Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence Calculator

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✖Maximum Electron Density is a term used in the context of the Earth's ionosphere. It refers to the highest concentration of free electrons within a specific layer of the ionosphere.ⓘ Maximum Electron Density [N_max]

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✖Critical Frequency refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface.ⓘ Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence [F_cr]

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Formula

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Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence

Formula

`"F"_{"cr"} = 9*sqrt("N"_{"max"})`

Example

`"6.489992Hz"=9*sqrt("0.52electrons/m³")`

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Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density)
F_cr = 9*sqrt(N_max)
This formula uses 1 Functions, 2 Variables

Functions Used

sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Critical Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - Critical Frequency refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface.
Maximum Electron Density - (Measured in Electrons per Cubic Meter) - Maximum Electron Density is a term used in the context of the Earth's ionosphere. It refers to the highest concentration of free electrons within a specific layer of the ionosphere.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Maximum Electron Density: 0.52 Electrons per Cubic Meter --> 0.52 Electrons per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

F_cr = 9*sqrt(N_max) --> 9*sqrt(0.52)

Evaluating ... ...

F_cr = 6.48999229583518

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

6.48999229583518 Hertz --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

6.48999229583518 ≈ 6.489992 Hertz <-- Critical Frequency

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Created by Simran Shravan Nishad

Sinhgad College Of Engineering (SCOE), Pune

Simran Shravan Nishad has created this Calculator and 25+ more calculators!

Verified by Parminder Singh

Chandigarh University (CU), Punjab

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< 17 Microwave Devices Calculators

Propagation Constant

Go Propagation Constant = Angular Frequency*(sqrt(Magnetic Permeability*Dielectric Permittivity))*(sqrt(1-((Cut-off Frequency/Frequency)^2)))

Attenuation for TEmn mode

Go Attenuation for the TEmn mode = (Conductivity*Intrinsic Impedance)/(2*sqrt(1-((Cut-off Frequency)/(Frequency))^2))

Attenuation for TMmn mode

Go Attenuation for the TMmn mode = ((Conductivity*Intrinsic Impedance)/2)*sqrt(1-(Cut-off Frequency/Frequency)^2)

Cut-off Frequency of Rectangular Waveguide

Go Cut-off Frequency = (1/(2*pi*sqrt(Magnetic Permeability*Dielectric Permittivity)))*Cut-off Wave Number

Surface Resistance of Guide Walls

Go Surface Resistance = sqrt((pi*Frequency*Magnetic Permeability)/(Conductivity))

Power Density of Spherical Wave

Go Power Density = (Power Transmitted*Transmitting Gain)/(4*pi*Distance between Antennas)

Wavelength for TEmn Modes

Go Wavelength for TEmn modes = (Wavelength)/(sqrt(1-(Cut-off Frequency/Frequency)^2))

Force Exerted on Particle

Go Force Exerted on Particle = (Charge of a Particle*Velocity of a Charged Particle)*Magnetic Flux Density

Cut-off Frequency of Circular Waveguide in Transverse Electric 11 Mode

Go Cut-off Frequency Circular Waveguide TE11 = ([c]*1.841)/(2*pi*Radius of Circular Waveguide)

Cut-off Frequency of Circular Waveguide in Transverse Magnetic 01 Mode

Go Cut-off Frequency Circular Waveguide TM01 = ([c]*2.405)/(2*pi*Radius of Circular Waveguide)

Characteristic Wave Impedance

Go Characteristic Wave Impedance = (Angular Frequency*Magnetic Permeability)/(Phase Constant)

Quality Factor

Go Quality Factor = (Angular Frequency*Maximum Stored Energy)/(Average Power Loss)

Maximum Stored Energy

Go Maximum Stored Energy = (Quality Factor*Average Power Loss)/Angular Frequency

Power Received by Antenna

Go Power Received by Antenna = Power Density of Antenna*Effective Area Antenna

Power Losses for TEM Mode

Go Power Losses for the TEM Mode = 2*Attenuation Constant*Transmitting Power

Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence

Go Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density)

Phase Velocity of Rectangular Waveguide

Go Phase Velocity = Angular Frequency/Phase Constant

Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence Formula

Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density)
F_cr = 9*sqrt(N_max)

On what factors does the critical frequency depend ?

The critical frequency depends on factors such as solar activity, time of day, and geographical location.

How to Calculate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence calculator uses Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density) to calculate the Critical Frequency, The Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface. Critical Frequency is denoted by F_cr symbol.

How to calculate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence, enter Maximum Electron Density (N_max) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence calculation can be explained with given input values -> 6.489992 = 9*sqrt(0.52).

FAQ

What is Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

The Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface and is represented as F_cr = 9*sqrt(N_max) or Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density). Maximum Electron Density is a term used in the context of the Earth's ionosphere. It refers to the highest concentration of free electrons within a specific layer of the ionosphere.

How to calculate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

The Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface is calculated using Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density). To calculate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence, you need Maximum Electron Density (N_max). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Maximum Electron Density and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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