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Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency Calculator

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✖Maximum Conversion Efficiency is defined as the ratio of the maximum useful power to the incident solar radiation.ⓘ Maximum Conversion Efficiency [ηmax]
+10%
-10%
✖Flux Incident on Top Cover is the total incident flux on the top cover which is the sum of incident beam component and incident diffuse component.ⓘ Flux Incident on Top Cover [IT]
+10%
-10%
✖Area of Solar Cell is the area that absorbs/receives radiation from the sun which is then converted into electrical energy.ⓘ Area of Solar Cell [Ac]
+10%
-10%
✖Short Circuit Current in Solar Cell is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the solar cell is zero.ⓘ Short Circuit Current in Solar cell [Isc]
+10%
-10%
✖Open Circuit Voltage is the difference of electrical potential between two terminals of a device when disconnected from any circuit. There is no external load connected.ⓘ Open Circuit Voltage [Voc]
+10%
-10%
✖Fill Factor of Solar Cell is a measure of how closely the I-V characteristic of the cell approaches being a rectangle.ⓘ Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency [FF]
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Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency

Formula
`"FF" = ("η"_{""max""}*"I"_{"T"}*"A"_{"c"})/("I"_{"sc"}*"V"_{"oc"})`

Example
`"0.000556"=("0.4"*"450J/sm²"*"2.5mm²")/("0.18A"*"4.5V")`

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Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary
Formula Used
Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage)
FF = (ηmax*IT*Ac)/(Isc*Voc)
This formula uses 6 Variables
Variables Used
Fill Factor of Solar Cell - Fill Factor of Solar Cell is a measure of how closely the I-V characteristic of the cell approaches being a rectangle.
Maximum Conversion Efficiency - Maximum Conversion Efficiency is defined as the ratio of the maximum useful power to the incident solar radiation.
Flux Incident on Top Cover - (Measured in Watt per Square Meter) - Flux Incident on Top Cover is the total incident flux on the top cover which is the sum of incident beam component and incident diffuse component.
Area of Solar Cell - (Measured in Square Meter) - Area of Solar Cell is the area that absorbs/receives radiation from the sun which is then converted into electrical energy.
Short Circuit Current in Solar cell - (Measured in Ampere) - Short Circuit Current in Solar Cell is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the solar cell is zero.
Open Circuit Voltage - (Measured in Volt) - Open Circuit Voltage is the difference of electrical potential between two terminals of a device when disconnected from any circuit. There is no external load connected.
STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit
Maximum Conversion Efficiency: 0.4 --> No Conversion Required
Flux Incident on Top Cover: 450 Joule per Second per Square Meter --> 450 Watt per Square Meter (Check conversion here)
Area of Solar Cell: 2.5 Square Millimeter --> 2.5E-06 Square Meter (Check conversion here)
Short Circuit Current in Solar cell: 0.18 Ampere --> 0.18 Ampere No Conversion Required
Open Circuit Voltage: 4.5 Volt --> 4.5 Volt No Conversion Required
STEP 2: Evaluate Formula
Substituting Input Values in Formula
FF = (ηmax*IT*Ac)/(Isc*Voc) --> (0.4*450*2.5E-06)/(0.18*4.5)
Evaluating ... ...
FF = 0.000555555555555556
STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit
0.000555555555555556 --> No Conversion Required
FINAL ANSWER
0.000555555555555556 <-- Fill Factor of Solar Cell
(Calculation completed in 00.000 seconds)
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20 Photovoltaic Conversion Calculators

Reverse Saturation Current given Maximum Power of Cell
Go Reverse Saturation Current = (Maximum Power Output of cell*((1+([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))/(([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power^2)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))))-Short Circuit Current in Solar cell
Short Circuit Current given Maximum Power of Cell
Go Short Circuit Current in Solar cell = (Maximum Power Output of cell*((1+([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))/(([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power^2)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))))-Reverse Saturation Current
Maximum power output of cell
Go Maximum Power Output of cell = ((([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power^2)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))/(1+([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin)))*(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell+Reverse Saturation Current)
Load current corresponding to Maximum power
Go Load Current in Solar cell = ((([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))/(1+([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin)))*(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell+Reverse Saturation Current)
Reverse Saturation Current given Load current at Maximum Power
Go Reverse Saturation Current = (Current at Maximum Power*((1+([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))/(([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))))-Short Circuit Current in Solar cell
Short Circuit Current given Load Current at Maximum Power
Go Short Circuit Current in Solar cell = (Current at Maximum Power*((1+([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))/(([Charge-e]*Voltage at Maximum Power)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))))-Reverse Saturation Current
Short Circuit Current given Load Current and Reverse Saturation Current
Go Short Circuit Current in Solar cell = Load Current in Solar cell+(Reverse Saturation Current*(e^(([Charge-e]*Voltage in solar cell)/(Ideality Factor in Solar Cells*[BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))-1))
Reverse Saturation Current given Load Current and Short Circuit Current
Go Reverse Saturation Current = (Short Circuit Current in Solar cell-Load Current in Solar cell)/(e^(([Charge-e]*Voltage in solar cell)/(Ideality Factor in Solar Cells*[BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))-1)
Load current in Solar cell
Go Load Current in Solar cell = Short Circuit Current in Solar cell-(Reverse Saturation Current*(e^(([Charge-e]*Voltage in solar cell)/(Ideality Factor in Solar Cells*[BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))-1))
Reverse Saturation Current given Power of Photovoltaic Cell
Go Reverse Saturation Current = (Short Circuit Current in Solar cell-(Power of Photovoltaic cell/Voltage in solar cell))*(1/(e^(([Charge-e]*Voltage in solar cell)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))-1))
Short Circuit Current given Power of Photovoltaic Cell
Go Short Circuit Current in Solar cell = (Power of Photovoltaic cell/Voltage in solar cell)+(Reverse Saturation Current*(e^(([Charge-e]*Voltage in solar cell)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))-1))
Power of Photovoltaic cell
Go Power of Photovoltaic cell = (Short Circuit Current in Solar cell- (Reverse Saturation Current*(e^(([Charge-e]*Voltage in solar cell)/([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin))-1)))*Voltage in solar cell
Open Circuit Voltage given Reverse Saturation Current
Go Open Circuit Voltage = (([BoltZ]*Temperature in Kelvin)/[Charge-e])*(ln((Short Circuit Current in Solar cell/Reverse Saturation Current)+1))
Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency
Go Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage)
Short Circuit Current given Maximum Conversion Efficiency
Go Short Circuit Current in Solar cell = (Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)/(Fill Factor of Solar Cell*Open Circuit Voltage)
Short Circuit Current given Fill Factor of Cell
Go Short Circuit Current in Solar cell = (Current at Maximum Power*Voltage at Maximum Power)/(Open Circuit Voltage*Fill Factor of Solar Cell)
Fill Factor of Cell
Go Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Current at Maximum Power*Voltage at Maximum Power)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage)
Voltage given Fill Factor of Cell
Go Voltage at Maximum Power = (Fill Factor of Solar Cell*Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage)/Current at Maximum Power
Incident Solar Flux given Maximum Conversion Efficiency
Go Flux Incident on Top Cover = (Current at Maximum Power*Voltage at Maximum Power)/(Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Area of Solar Cell)
Maximum Conversion Efficiency
Go Maximum Conversion Efficiency = (Current at Maximum Power*Voltage at Maximum Power)/(Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)

Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency Formula

Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage)
FF = (ηmax*IT*Ac)/(Isc*Voc)

Why is a solar cell not 100% efficient?

Solar cells can never reach 100% efficiency because the solar spectrum puts out photons with a broad range of energies. Some of those photons will have higher energy than the band gap of the semiconductor used in the solar cell and will be absorbed creating an electron-hole pair.

How to Calculate Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency?

Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency calculator uses Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage) to calculate the Fill Factor of Solar Cell, The Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency is defined as a measure of how closely the I-V characteristic of the cell approaches being a rectangle. Fill Factor of Solar Cell is denoted by FF symbol.

How to calculate Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency, enter Maximum Conversion Efficiency (ηmax), Flux Incident on Top Cover (IT), Area of Solar Cell (Ac), Short Circuit Current in Solar cell (Isc) & Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.000556 = (0.4*450*2.5E-06)/(0.18*4.5).

FAQ

What is Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency?
The Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency is defined as a measure of how closely the I-V characteristic of the cell approaches being a rectangle and is represented as FF = (ηmax*IT*Ac)/(Isc*Voc) or Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage). Maximum Conversion Efficiency is defined as the ratio of the maximum useful power to the incident solar radiation, Flux Incident on Top Cover is the total incident flux on the top cover which is the sum of incident beam component and incident diffuse component, Area of Solar Cell is the area that absorbs/receives radiation from the sun which is then converted into electrical energy, Short Circuit Current in Solar Cell is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the solar cell is zero & Open Circuit Voltage is the difference of electrical potential between two terminals of a device when disconnected from any circuit. There is no external load connected.
How to calculate Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency?
The Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency is defined as a measure of how closely the I-V characteristic of the cell approaches being a rectangle is calculated using Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Maximum Conversion Efficiency*Flux Incident on Top Cover*Area of Solar Cell)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage). To calculate Fill Factor of Solar Cell given Maximum Conversion Efficiency, you need Maximum Conversion Efficiency (ηmax), Flux Incident on Top Cover (IT), Area of Solar Cell (Ac), Short Circuit Current in Solar cell (Isc) & Open Circuit Voltage (Voc). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Maximum Conversion Efficiency, Flux Incident on Top Cover, Area of Solar Cell, Short Circuit Current in Solar cell & Open Circuit Voltage and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.
How many ways are there to calculate Fill Factor of Solar Cell?
In this formula, Fill Factor of Solar Cell uses Maximum Conversion Efficiency, Flux Incident on Top Cover, Area of Solar Cell, Short Circuit Current in Solar cell & Open Circuit Voltage. We can use 1 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -
  • Fill Factor of Solar Cell = (Current at Maximum Power*Voltage at Maximum Power)/(Short Circuit Current in Solar cell*Open Circuit Voltage)
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