Inclination of reflectors Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary
Formula Used
Inclination of Reflector = (pi-Tilt Angle-2*Latitude Angle+2*Declination Angle)/3
Ψ = (pi-β-2*Φ+2*δ)/3
This formula uses 1 Constants, 4 Variables
Constants Used
pi - Archimedes' constant Value Taken As 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288
Variables Used
Inclination of Reflector - (Measured in Radian) - Inclination of reflector is defined as the angle at which the reflectors are aligned to reflect incident sun rays on to the collector.
Tilt Angle - (Measured in Radian) - Tilt Angle is the angle between the inclined slope and the horizontal plane .
Latitude Angle - (Measured in Radian) - Latitude Angle is defined as the angle between the sun's rays and its projection on the horizontal surface.
Declination Angle - (Measured in Radian) - The declination angle of the sun is the angle between the equator and a line drawn from the centre of the Earth to the centre of the sun.
STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit
Tilt Angle: 5.5 Degree --> 0.0959931088596701 Radian (Check conversion here)
Latitude Angle: 55 Degree --> 0.959931088596701 Radian (Check conversion here)
Declination Angle: 23 Degree --> 0.40142572795862 Radian (Check conversion here)
STEP 2: Evaluate Formula
Substituting Input Values in Formula
Ψ = (pi-β-2*Φ+2*δ)/3 --> (pi-0.0959931088596701-2*0.959931088596701+2*0.40142572795862)/3
Evaluating ... ...
Ψ = 0.64286294115132
STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit
0.64286294115132 Radian -->36.8333333333446 Degree (Check conversion here)
FINAL ANSWER
36.8333333333446 36.83333 Degree <-- Inclination of Reflector
(Calculation completed in 00.020 seconds)

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23 Concentrating Collectors Calculators

Useful heat gain when collector efficiency factor is present
Go Useful heat gain = (Mass Flowrate*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure)*(((Concentration ratio*Flux absorbed by plate)/Overall loss coefficient)+(Ambient Air Temperature-Inlet fluid temperature flat plate collector))*(1-e^(-(Collector Efficiency Factor*pi*Outer diameter of absorber tube*Overall loss coefficient*Length of Concentrator)/(Mass Flowrate*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure)))
Heat removal factor concentrating collector
Go Collector heat removal factor = ((Mass Flowrate*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure)/(pi*Outer diameter of absorber tube*Length of Concentrator*Overall loss coefficient))*(1-e^(-(Collector Efficiency Factor*pi*Outer diameter of absorber tube*Overall loss coefficient*Length of Concentrator)/(Mass Flowrate*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure)))
Heat removal factor in compound parabolic collector
Go Collector heat removal factor = ((Mass Flowrate*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure)/(Absorber Surface Width*Overall loss coefficient*Length of Concentrator))*(1-e^(-(Collector Efficiency Factor*Absorber Surface Width*Overall loss coefficient*Length of Concentrator)/(Mass Flowrate*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure)))
Useful heat gain rate in concentrating collector when concentration ratio is present
Go Useful heat gain = Collector heat removal factor*(Concentrator Aperture-Outer diameter of absorber tube)*Length of Concentrator*(Flux absorbed by plate-(Overall loss coefficient/Concentration ratio)*(Inlet fluid temperature flat plate collector-Ambient Air Temperature))
Useful heat gain in compound parabolic collector
Go Useful heat gain = Collector heat removal factor*Concentrator Aperture*Length of Concentrator*(Flux absorbed by plate-((Overall loss coefficient/Concentration ratio)*(Inlet fluid temperature flat plate collector-Ambient Air Temperature)))
Flux absorbed in compound parabolic collector
Go Flux absorbed by plate = ((Hourly beam component*Tilt Factor for Beam Radiation)+(Hourly Diffuse Component/Concentration ratio))*Transmissivity of Cover*Effective reflectivity of concentrator*Absorptivity of Absorber Surface
Instantaneous collection efficiency of concentrating collector
Go Instantaneous Collection Efficiency = Useful heat gain/((Hourly beam component*Tilt Factor for Beam Radiation+Hourly Diffuse Component*Tilt factor for diffused radiation)*Concentrator Aperture*Length of Concentrator)
Useful heat gain when collection efficiency is present
Go Useful heat gain = Instantaneous Collection Efficiency*(Hourly beam component*Tilt Factor for Beam Radiation+Hourly Diffuse Component*Tilt factor for diffused radiation)*Concentrator Aperture*Length of Concentrator
Collector efficiency factor for compound parabolic collector
Go Collector Efficiency Factor = (Overall loss coefficient*(1/Overall loss coefficient+(Absorber Surface Width/(Number of Tubes*pi*Inner diameter absorber tube*Heat Transfer Coefficient Inside))))^-1
Area of Aperture given Useful Heat Gain
Go Effective area of aperture = Useful heat gain/(Flux absorbed by plate- (Overall loss coefficient/Concentration ratio)*(Average temperature of absorber plate-Ambient Air Temperature))
Collector efficiency factor concentrating collector
Go Collector Efficiency Factor = 1/(Overall loss coefficient*(1/Overall loss coefficient+Outer diameter of absorber tube/(Inner diameter absorber tube*Heat Transfer Coefficient Inside)))
Instantaneous collection efficiency of concentrating collector on basis of beam radiation
Go Instantaneous Collection Efficiency = Useful heat gain/(Hourly beam component*Tilt Factor for Beam Radiation*Concentrator Aperture*Length of Concentrator)
Area of absorber in central receiver collector
Go Area of Absorber in Central Receiver Collector = pi/2*Diameter of Sphere Absorber^2*(1+sin(Rim Angle)-(cos(Rim Angle)/2))
Area of Absorber given Heat Loss from Absorber
Go Area of absorber plate = Heat Loss from Collector/(Overall loss coefficient*(Average temperature of absorber plate-Ambient Air Temperature))
Concentration ratio of collector
Go Concentration ratio = (Concentrator Aperture-Outer diameter of absorber tube)/(pi*Outer diameter of absorber tube)
Inclination of reflectors
Go Inclination of Reflector = (pi-Tilt Angle-2*Latitude Angle+2*Declination Angle)/3
Solar Beam Radiation given Useful Heat Gain Rate and Heat Loss Rate from Absorber
Go Solar beam radiation = (Useful heat gain+Heat Loss from Collector)/Effective area of aperture
Useful heat gain in concentrating collector
Go Useful heat gain = Effective area of aperture*Solar beam radiation-Heat Loss from Collector
Outer Diameter of Absorber Tube given Concentration Ratio
Go Outer diameter of absorber tube = Concentrator Aperture/(Concentration ratio*pi+1)
Acceptance Angle of 3-D Concentrator given Maximum Concentration Ratio
Go Acceptance Angle = (acos(1-2/Maximum concentration ratio))/2
Maximum possible concentration ratio of 3-D concentrator
Go Maximum concentration ratio = 2/(1-cos(2*Acceptance Angle))
Acceptance Angle of 2-D Concentrator given Maximum Concentration Ratio
Go Acceptance Angle = asin(1/Maximum concentration ratio)
Maximum possible concentration ratio of 2-D concentrator
Go Maximum concentration ratio = 1/sin(Acceptance Angle)

Inclination of reflectors Formula

Inclination of Reflector = (pi-Tilt Angle-2*Latitude Angle+2*Declination Angle)/3
Ψ = (pi-β-2*Φ+2*δ)/3

Why do we need orientation in concentrating type collector?

Orientation of sun from earth changes from time to time. So to harness maximum solar rays it is necessary to keep our collector facing to sun ray's direction. This is the reason why orientation in concentrating collectors is necessary. This is achieved by the use of a 'Tracking device'.

How to Calculate Inclination of reflectors?

Inclination of reflectors calculator uses Inclination of Reflector = (pi-Tilt Angle-2*Latitude Angle+2*Declination Angle)/3 to calculate the Inclination of Reflector, The Inclination of reflectors formula is defined as the angle at which the reflectors are aligned to reflect incident sun rays onto the collector. Inclination of Reflector is denoted by Ψ symbol.

How to calculate Inclination of reflectors using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Inclination of reflectors, enter Tilt Angle (β), Latitude Angle (Φ) & Declination Angle (δ) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Inclination of reflectors calculation can be explained with given input values -> 2110.395 = (pi-0.0959931088596701-2*0.959931088596701+2*0.40142572795862)/3.

FAQ

What is Inclination of reflectors?
The Inclination of reflectors formula is defined as the angle at which the reflectors are aligned to reflect incident sun rays onto the collector and is represented as Ψ = (pi-β-2*Φ+2*δ)/3 or Inclination of Reflector = (pi-Tilt Angle-2*Latitude Angle+2*Declination Angle)/3. Tilt Angle is the angle between the inclined slope and the horizontal plane , Latitude Angle is defined as the angle between the sun's rays and its projection on the horizontal surface & The declination angle of the sun is the angle between the equator and a line drawn from the centre of the Earth to the centre of the sun.
How to calculate Inclination of reflectors?
The Inclination of reflectors formula is defined as the angle at which the reflectors are aligned to reflect incident sun rays onto the collector is calculated using Inclination of Reflector = (pi-Tilt Angle-2*Latitude Angle+2*Declination Angle)/3. To calculate Inclination of reflectors, you need Tilt Angle (β), Latitude Angle (Φ) & Declination Angle (δ). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Tilt Angle, Latitude Angle & Declination Angle and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.
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