Level Crossing Rate Calculator

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✖Maximum Doppler Shift is the change observed in wavelength, or frequency when θ=0.ⓘ Maximum Doppler Shift [f_m]			+10% -10%
✖Specified envolope value normalized to rms is the value of the specified level R, normalized to the local rms amplitude of the lading envelope.ⓘ Specified envolope value normalized to rms [ρ]			+10% -10%

✖Level crossing rate the number of level crossings per second.ⓘ Level Crossing Rate [N_R]

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Level Crossing Rate Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Level crossing rate = (sqrt(2*pi))*Maximum Doppler Shift*Specified envolope value normalized to rms* (e^(-(Specified envolope value normalized to rms^2)))
N_R = (sqrt(2*pi))*f_m*ρ* (e^(-(ρ^2)))
This formula uses 2 Constants, 1 Functions, 3 Variables

Constants Used

pi - Archimedes' constant Value Taken As 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288
e - Napier's constant Value Taken As 2.71828182845904523536028747135266249

Functions Used

sqrt - Squre root function, sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Level crossing rate - Level crossing rate the number of level crossings per second.
Maximum Doppler Shift - (Measured in Hertz) - Maximum Doppler Shift is the change observed in wavelength, or frequency when θ=0.
Specified envolope value normalized to rms - Specified envolope value normalized to rms is the value of the specified level R, normalized to the local rms amplitude of the lading envelope.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Maximum Doppler Shift: 20 Kilohertz --> 20000 Hertz (Check conversion here)
Specified envolope value normalized to rms: 0.1 --> No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

N_R = (sqrt(2*pi))*f_m*ρ* (e^(-(ρ^2))) --> (sqrt(2*pi))*20000*0.1* (e^(-(0.1^2)))

Evaluating ... ...

N_R = 4963.37381313877

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

4963.37381313877 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

4963.37381313877 <-- Level crossing rate

(Calculation completed in 00.000 seconds)

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Credits

Created by Vidyashree V

BMS College of Engineering (BMSCE), Bangalore

Vidyashree V has created this Calculator and 25+ more calculators!

Verified by Rachita C

BMS College Of Engineering (BMSCE), Banglore

Rachita C has verified this Calculator and 50+ more calculators!

< 10+ Mobile radio propogation Calculators

Level Crossing Rate

Level crossing rate = (sqrt(2*pi))*Maximum Doppler Shift*Specified envolope value normalized to rms* (e^(-(Specified envolope value normalized to rms^2))) Go

Normalized LCR(nr)

Normalized LCR = Level Crossing Rate*sqrt(2*3.14)/(Beta*Velocity) Go

Maximum Doppler Shift

Maximum Doppler Shift = Velocity/(300000000/Carrier Frequency) Go

Short Term Fading

Short Term Fading = Mobile radio Signal*Long Term Fading Go

Multipath Fading

Multipath Fading = Mobile radio Signal/Long Term Fading Go

Long Term Fading

Long Term Fading = Mobile radio Signal/Multipath Fading Go

Coherence bandwidth for two random phases of two received signals

Coherence bandwidth random phase = 1/(4*3.14*Delta spread) Go

Coherence Bandwidth For Multipath Channel

Coherence Bandwidth = (1)/(50*RMS Delay Spread) Go

Delay Spread

Delta spread = 1/(2*3.14*Coherence bandwidth) Go

Coherence Time

Coherence Time = 0.423/Maximum Doppler Shift Go

Level Crossing Rate Formula

Level crossing rate = (sqrt(2*pi))*Maximum Doppler Shift*Specified envolope value normalized to rms* (e^(-(Specified envolope value normalized to rms^2)))
N_R = (sqrt(2*pi))*f_m*ρ* (e^(-(ρ^2)))

What is the significance of level crossing rate and fading statistics?

The level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration of a Rayleigh fading signal are two important statistics which are useful for designing error control codes and diversity schemes to be used in mobile communication systems, since it becomes possible to relate the time rate of change of the received signal to the signal level and velocity of the mobile.

How to Calculate Level Crossing Rate?

Level Crossing Rate calculator uses Level crossing rate = (sqrt(2*pi))*Maximum Doppler Shift*Specified envolope value normalized to rms* (e^(-(Specified envolope value normalized to rms^2))) to calculate the Level crossing rate, The level crossing rate (LCR) formula is defined as the expected rate at which the Rayleigh fading envelope, normalized to the local rms signal level, crosses a specified level in a positive-going direction. Level crossing rate is denoted by N_R symbol.

How to calculate Level Crossing Rate using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Level Crossing Rate, enter Maximum Doppler Shift (f_m) & Specified envolope value normalized to rms (ρ) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Level Crossing Rate calculation can be explained with given input values -> 4963.374 = (sqrt(2*pi))*20000*0.1* (e^(-(0.1^2))).

FAQ

What is Level Crossing Rate?

The level crossing rate (LCR) formula is defined as the expected rate at which the Rayleigh fading envelope, normalized to the local rms signal level, crosses a specified level in a positive-going direction and is represented as N_R = (sqrt(2*pi))*f_m*ρ* (e^(-(ρ^2))) or Level crossing rate = (sqrt(2*pi))*Maximum Doppler Shift*Specified envolope value normalized to rms* (e^(-(Specified envolope value normalized to rms^2))). Maximum Doppler Shift is the change observed in wavelength, or frequency when θ=0 & Specified envolope value normalized to rms is the value of the specified level R, normalized to the local rms amplitude of the lading envelope.

How to calculate Level Crossing Rate?

The level crossing rate (LCR) formula is defined as the expected rate at which the Rayleigh fading envelope, normalized to the local rms signal level, crosses a specified level in a positive-going direction is calculated using Level crossing rate = (sqrt(2*pi))*Maximum Doppler Shift*Specified envolope value normalized to rms* (e^(-(Specified envolope value normalized to rms^2))). To calculate Level Crossing Rate, you need Maximum Doppler Shift (f_m) & Specified envolope value normalized to rms (ρ). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Maximum Doppler Shift & Specified envolope value normalized to rms and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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