Propagation Delay Calculator

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CMOS Delay Characteristics

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✖The Normalized delay is a measure used to compare the delay of a specific circuit or gate with the delay of a reference gate, often an ideal inverter.ⓘ Normalized Delay [d]			+10% -10%
✖Propagation Delay Capaitance is the delay of an ideal fanout-of-1 inverter with no parasitic capacitance.ⓘ Propagation Delay Capaitance [t_c]			+10% -10%

✖Total Propagation delay typically refers to the rise time or fall time in logic gates. This is the time it takes for a logic gate to change its output state based on a change in the input state.ⓘ Propagation Delay [t_pd]

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Formula

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Propagation Delay

Formula

`"t"_{"pd"} = "d"*"t"_{"c"}`

Example

`"70.99878ns"="221.18"*"0.321ns"`

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Propagation Delay Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Total Propagation Delay = Normalized Delay*Propagation Delay Capaitance
t_pd = d*t_c
This formula uses 3 Variables

Variables Used

Total Propagation Delay - (Measured in Second) - Total Propagation delay typically refers to the rise time or fall time in logic gates. This is the time it takes for a logic gate to change its output state based on a change in the input state.
Normalized Delay - The Normalized delay is a measure used to compare the delay of a specific circuit or gate with the delay of a reference gate, often an ideal inverter.
Propagation Delay Capaitance - (Measured in Second) - Propagation Delay Capaitance is the delay of an ideal fanout-of-1 inverter with no parasitic capacitance.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Normalized Delay: 221.18 --> No Conversion Required
Propagation Delay Capaitance: 0.321 Nanosecond --> 3.21E-10 Second (Check conversion here)

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

t_pd = d*t_c --> 221.18*3.21E-10

Evaluating ... ...

t_pd = 7.099878E-08

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

7.099878E-08 Second -->70.99878 Nanosecond (Check conversion here)

FINAL ANSWER

70.99878 Nanosecond <-- Total Propagation Delay

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology (BTKIT), Dwarahat

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< 13 CMOS Delay Characteristics Calculators

Delay Rise

Go Delay Rise = Intrinsic Rise Delay+(Rise Resistance*Delay Capacitance)+(Slope Rise*Delay Previous)

Delay of AND-OR Gate in Gray Cell

Go Delay of AND OR Gate = (Critical Path Delay-Total Propagation Delay-XOR Gate Delay)/(Gates on Critical Path-1)

Delay of 1-Bit Propagate Gates

Go Total Propagation Delay = Critical Path Delay-((Gates on Critical Path-1)*Delay of AND OR Gate+XOR Gate Delay)

Propagation Delay in Circuit

Go Circuit Propagation Delay = (Propagation Delay High to Low+Propagation Delay Low to High)/2

Propagation Delay without Parasitic Capacitance

Go Propagation Delay Capaitance = Circuit Propagation Delay/Normalized Delay

Propagation Delay

Go Total Propagation Delay = Normalized Delay*Propagation Delay Capaitance

Normalized Delay

Go Normalized Delay = Total Propagation Delay/Propagation Delay Capaitance

Voltage-Controlled Delay Line

Go Voltage-Controlled Delay Line = Small Deviation Delay/VCDL Gain

Small Deviation Delay

Go Small Deviation Delay = VCDL Gain*Voltage-Controlled Delay Line

VCDL Gain

Go VCDL Gain = Small Deviation Delay/Voltage-Controlled Delay Line

Edge Rate

Go Edge Rate = (Rise Time+Fall Time)/2

Fall Time

Go Fall Time = 2*Edge Rate-Rise Time

Rise Time

Go Rise Time = 2*Edge Rate-Fall Time

Propagation Delay Formula

Total Propagation Delay = Normalized Delay*Propagation Delay Capaitance
t_pd = d*t_c

Why is delay expressed in a process-independent form?

It is often helpful to express delay in a process-independent form so that circuits can be compared based on topology rather than speed of the manufacturing process. Moreover, with a process-independent measure for delay, knowledge of circuit speeds gained while working in one process can be carried over to a new process.

How to Calculate Propagation Delay?

Propagation Delay calculator uses Total Propagation Delay = Normalized Delay*Propagation Delay Capaitance to calculate the Total Propagation Delay, The Propagation delay formula is defined as the amount of time it takes for the head of the signal to travel from the sender to the receiver. Total Propagation Delay is denoted by t_pd symbol.

How to calculate Propagation Delay using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Propagation Delay, enter Normalized Delay (d) & Propagation Delay Capaitance (t_c) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Propagation Delay calculation can be explained with given input values -> 8.1E+9 = 221.18*3.21E-10.

FAQ

What is Propagation Delay?

The Propagation delay formula is defined as the amount of time it takes for the head of the signal to travel from the sender to the receiver and is represented as t_pd = d*t_c or Total Propagation Delay = Normalized Delay*Propagation Delay Capaitance. The Normalized delay is a measure used to compare the delay of a specific circuit or gate with the delay of a reference gate, often an ideal inverter & Propagation Delay Capaitance is the delay of an ideal fanout-of-1 inverter with no parasitic capacitance.

How to calculate Propagation Delay?

The Propagation delay formula is defined as the amount of time it takes for the head of the signal to travel from the sender to the receiver is calculated using Total Propagation Delay = Normalized Delay*Propagation Delay Capaitance. To calculate Propagation Delay, you need Normalized Delay (d) & Propagation Delay Capaitance (t_c). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Normalized Delay & Propagation Delay Capaitance and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

How many ways are there to calculate Total Propagation Delay?

In this formula, Total Propagation Delay uses Normalized Delay & Propagation Delay Capaitance. We can use 1 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -

Total Propagation Delay = Critical Path Delay-((Gates on Critical Path-1)*Delay of AND OR Gate+XOR Gate Delay)

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