Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions Calculator

✖The Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract Phase is the mass fraction of the solute in the extract phase after separation of the ternary mixture.ⓘ Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract [y_C]			+10% -10%
✖The Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract Phase is the mass fraction of the carrier liquid in the extract phase after separation of the ternary mixture.ⓘ Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract [y_A]			+10% -10%
✖The Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate Phase is the mass fraction of the solute in the raffinate phase after separation of the ternary mixture.ⓘ Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate [x_C]			+10% -10%
✖The Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate Phase is the fraction of the carrier liquid in the raffinate phase after separation of the ternary mixture.ⓘ Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate [x_A]			+10% -10%

✖The Selectivity or Separation Factor is defined as the preferential uptake of the solute by the solvent over the carrier.ⓘ Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions [β_{C, A}]

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Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions

Formula

`"β"_{"C, A"} = ("y"_{"C"}/"y"_{"A"})/("x"_{"C"}/"x"_{"A"})`

Example

`"1.818572"=("0.3797"/"0.674")/("0.1394"/"0.45")`

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Download Liquid-Liquid Extraction Formula PDF

Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Selectivity = (Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract)/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate)
β_{C, A} = (y_C/y_A)/(x_C/x_A)
This formula uses 5 Variables

Variables Used

Selectivity - The Selectivity or Separation Factor is defined as the preferential uptake of the solute by the solvent over the carrier.
Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract - The Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract Phase is the mass fraction of the solute in the extract phase after separation of the ternary mixture.
Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract - The Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract Phase is the mass fraction of the carrier liquid in the extract phase after separation of the ternary mixture.
Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate - The Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate Phase is the mass fraction of the solute in the raffinate phase after separation of the ternary mixture.
Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate - The Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate Phase is the fraction of the carrier liquid in the raffinate phase after separation of the ternary mixture.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract: 0.3797 --> No Conversion Required
Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract: 0.674 --> No Conversion Required
Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate: 0.1394 --> No Conversion Required
Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate: 0.45 --> No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

β_{C, A} = (y_C/y_A)/(x_C/x_A) --> (0.3797/0.674)/(0.1394/0.45)

Evaluating ... ...

β_{C, A} = 1.81857175091213

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

1.81857175091213 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

1.81857175091213 ≈ 1.818572 <-- Selectivity

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Home » Engineering » Chemical Engineering » Mass Transfer Operations » Liquid-Liquid Extraction » Distribution Coefficient, Selectivity & Mass Ratio » Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions

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Created by Vaibhav Mishra

DJ Sanghvi College of Engineering (DJSCE), Mumbai

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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UH Manoa), Hawaii, USA

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< 12 Distribution Coefficient, Selectivity & Mass Ratio Calculators

Recovery of Solute in Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Go Recovery of Solute in Liquid-Liquid Extraction = 1-((Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate*Raffinate Phase Flowrate in LLE)/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed*Feed Flowrate in Liquid-Liquid Extraction))

Selectvity of Solute based on Activity Coefficients

Go Selectivity = (Activity Coefficient of Solute in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Solute in Extract)/(Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liq in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liquid in Extract)

Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions

Go Selectivity = (Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract)/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate)

Mass Ratio of Solvent in Raffinate Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solvent in Raffinate Phase = Mass Fraction of Solvent in the Raffinate/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate)

Mass Ratio of Solute in Raffinate Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solute in Raffinate Phase = Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate)

Mass Ratio of Solvent in Extract Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solvent in Extract Phase = Mass Fraction of Solvent in the Extract/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract)

Mass Ratio of Solute in Extract Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solute in Extract Phase = Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract)

Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid from Activity Coefficients

Go Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid = Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liq in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liquid in Extract

Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid from Mass Fraction

Go Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid = Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate

Distribution Coefficient of Solute from Activity Coefficient

Go Distribution Coefficient of Solute = Activity Coefficient of Solute in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Solute in Extract

Distribution Coefficient of Solute from Mass Fractions

Go Distribution Coefficient of Solute = Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate

Selectivity of Solute based on Distribution Coefficients

Go Selectivity = Distribution Coefficient of Solute/Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid

< 23 Important Formulas in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Calculators

Number of Extraction Stages by Kremser Equation

Go Number of Equilibrium Extraction Stages = (log10(((Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed-(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Solvent/Distribution Coefficient of Solute))/(((Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate-Mass Fraction of Solute in the Solvent)/Distribution Coefficient of Solute)))*(1-(1/Extraction Factor))+(1/Extraction Factor)))/(log10(Extraction Factor))

Number of Ideal Equilibrium Extraction Stages

Go Number of Equilibrium Extraction Stages = (log10(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed/N Stages Mass Fraction of Solute in Raffinate))/(log10(((Distribution Coefficient of Solute*Solute Free Extract Phase Flowrate in LLE)/Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction)+1))

Raffinate Phase Solute Concentration for N Number of Ideal Stage Extraction

Go N Stages Mass Fraction of Solute in Raffinate = ((Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction/(Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction+(Solute Free Extract Phase Flowrate in LLE*Distribution Coefficient of Solute)))^Number of Equilibrium Extraction Stages)*Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed

Feed Solute Concentration for N-number of Ideal Stage Extraction

Go Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed = N Stages Mass Fraction of Solute in Raffinate/((Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction/(Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction+(Solute Free Extract Phase Flowrate in LLE*Distribution Coefficient of Solute)))^Number of Equilibrium Extraction Stages)

Number of Stages for Extraction Factor equal to 1

Go Number of Equilibrium Extraction Stages = ((Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed-(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Solvent/Distribution Coefficient of Solute))/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate-(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Solvent/Distribution Coefficient of Solute)))-1

Raffinate Phase Solute Concentration for Single Ideal Stage Extraction

Go Single Stage Mass Fraction of Solute in Raffinate = (Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction/(Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction+(Solute Free Extract Phase Flowrate in LLE*Distribution Coefficient of Solute)))*Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed

Feed Solute Concentration for Single Ideal Stage Extraction

Go Mass Fraction of Solute in the Feed = Single Stage Mass Fraction of Solute in Raffinate/(Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction/(Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction+(Solute Free Extract Phase Flowrate in LLE*Distribution Coefficient of Solute)))

Recovery of Solute in Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Selectvity of Solute based on Activity Coefficients

Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions

Go Selectivity = (Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract)/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate)

Mass Ratio of Solvent in Raffinate Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solvent in Raffinate Phase = Mass Fraction of Solvent in the Raffinate/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate)

Mass Ratio of Solute in Raffinate Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solute in Raffinate Phase = Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate)

Mass Ratio of Solvent in Extract Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solvent in Extract Phase = Mass Fraction of Solvent in the Extract/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract)

Mass Ratio of Solute in Extract Phase

Go Mass Ratio of Solute in Extract Phase = Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/(Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract+Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract)

Extraction Factor based on Raffinate Point Slope

Go Extraction Factor = Raffinate Point Slope of Equilibrium Curve*Solute Free Solvent Flowrate in Extraction/Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction

Extraction Factor at Feed Point Slope of Equilibrium Curve

Go Extraction Factor = Feed Point Slope of Equilibrium Curve*Solute Free Solvent Flowrate in Extraction/Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction

Extraction Factor at Mean Slope of Equilibrium Curve

Go Extraction Factor = Mean Slope of Equilibrium Curve*Solute Free Solvent Flowrate in Extraction/Solute Free Feed Flowrate in Extraction

Geometric Mean of Equilibrium Line Slope

Go Mean Slope of Equilibrium Curve = sqrt(Feed Point Slope of Equilibrium Curve*Raffinate Point Slope of Equilibrium Curve)

Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid from Activity Coefficients

Go Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid = Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liq in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liquid in Extract

Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid from Mass Fraction

Go Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid = Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate

Distribution Coefficient of Solute from Activity Coefficient

Go Distribution Coefficient of Solute = Activity Coefficient of Solute in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Solute in Extract

Distribution Coefficient of Solute from Mass Fractions

Go Distribution Coefficient of Solute = Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate

Selectivity of Solute based on Distribution Coefficients

Go Selectivity = Distribution Coefficient of Solute/Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid

Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions Formula

What is Selectivity or Separation Factor?

The effectiveness of solvent B for separating a solution of A and C into its components measured by comparing the ratio of C to A in the B rich phase to that in the C rich phase at equilibrium and is called selectivity or separation factor. This is also analogous to relative volatility in distillation.
Selectivity of the solute varies with the compositions of the two phases in equilibrium and depends upon temperature. It is unit at the Plait point at the compositions of the two phases becomes the same. It is preferable to use a solvent with selectivity higher than unity, though in some systems it varies from higher values to unity to fractional values. These systems are analogous to azeotropes.

What is Liquid-Liquid Extraction?

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar). There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic. The transfer is driven by chemical potential, i.e. once the transfer is complete, the overall system of chemical components that make up the solutes and the solvents are in a more stable configuration (lower free energy). The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract. The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called the raffinate.

How to Calculate Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions?

Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions calculator uses Selectivity = (Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract)/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate) to calculate the Selectivity, The Selectvity of Solute based on Mole fractions formula is defined as the ratio of mole fraction of solute in extract to carrier liquid in extract to that of the solute in raffinate to carrier liquid in raffinate. Selectivity is denoted by β_{C, A} symbol.

How to calculate Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions, enter Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract (y_C), Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract (y_A), Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate (x_C) & Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate (x_A) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions calculation can be explained with given input values -> 1.818572 = (0.3797/0.674)/(0.1394/0.45).

FAQ

What is Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions?

The Selectvity of Solute based on Mole fractions formula is defined as the ratio of mole fraction of solute in extract to carrier liquid in extract to that of the solute in raffinate to carrier liquid in raffinate and is represented as β_{C, A} = (y_C/y_A)/(x_C/x_A) or Selectivity = (Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract)/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate). The Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract Phase is the mass fraction of the solute in the extract phase after separation of the ternary mixture, The Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract Phase is the mass fraction of the carrier liquid in the extract phase after separation of the ternary mixture, The Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate Phase is the mass fraction of the solute in the raffinate phase after separation of the ternary mixture & The Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate Phase is the fraction of the carrier liquid in the raffinate phase after separation of the ternary mixture.

How to calculate Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions?

The Selectvity of Solute based on Mole fractions formula is defined as the ratio of mole fraction of solute in extract to carrier liquid in extract to that of the solute in raffinate to carrier liquid in raffinate is calculated using Selectivity = (Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract)/(Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate/Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate). To calculate Selectvity of Solute based on Mole Fractions, you need Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract (y_C), Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract (y_A), Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate (x_C) & Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate (x_A). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract, Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract, Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate & Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

How many ways are there to calculate Selectivity?

In this formula, Selectivity uses Mass Fraction of Solute in the Extract, Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Extract, Mass Fraction of Solute in the Raffinate & Mass Fraction of Carrier Liquid in the Raffinate. We can use 4 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -

Selectivity = (Activity Coefficient of Solute in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Solute in Extract)/(Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liq in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liquid in Extract)
Selectivity = Distribution Coefficient of Solute/Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid
Selectivity = Distribution Coefficient of Solute/Distribution Coefficient of Carrier Liquid
Selectivity = (Activity Coefficient of Solute in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Solute in Extract)/(Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liq in Raffinate/Activity Coefficient of Carrier Liquid in Extract)

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