Theoretical velocity Calculator

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Orifices and Mouthpieces

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Flow Characteristics

Properties of Surfaces and Solids

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✖Pelton Head is the height difference between where the water enters into the hydro system and where it leaves it, measured in meters.ⓘ Pelton Head [H_p]

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✖Velocity is a vector quantity (it has both magnitude and direction) and is the rate of change of the position of an object with respect to time.ⓘ Theoretical velocity [v]

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Formula

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Theoretical velocity

Formula

`"v" = sqrt(2*9.81*"H"_{"p"})`

Example

`"28.7061m/s"=sqrt(2*9.81*"42m")`

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Theoretical velocity Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Velocity = sqrt(2*9.81*Pelton Head)
v = sqrt(2*9.81*H_p)
This formula uses 1 Functions, 2 Variables

Functions Used

sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Velocity - (Measured in Meter per Second) - Velocity is a vector quantity (it has both magnitude and direction) and is the rate of change of the position of an object with respect to time.
Pelton Head - (Measured in Meter) - Pelton Head is the height difference between where the water enters into the hydro system and where it leaves it, measured in meters.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Pelton Head: 42 Meter --> 42 Meter No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

v = sqrt(2*9.81*H_p) --> sqrt(2*9.81*42)

Evaluating ... ...

v = 28.7060969133736

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

28.7060969133736 Meter per Second --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

28.7060969133736 ≈ 28.7061 Meter per Second <-- Velocity

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Credits

Created by Maiarutselvan V

PSG College of Technology (PSGCT), Coimbatore

Maiarutselvan V has created this Calculator and 300+ more calculators!

Verified by Vinay Mishra

Indian Institute for Aeronautical Engineering and Information Technology (IIAEIT), Pune

Vinay Mishra has verified this Calculator and 100+ more calculators!

< 8 Velocity and Time Calculators

Time of Emptying Hemispherical Tank

Go Total Time Taken = (pi*(((4/3)*Hemispherical Tank Radius*((Initial Height of Liquid^1.5)-(Final Height of Liquid^1.5)))-(0.4*((Initial Height of Liquid^(5/2))-(Final Height of Liquid)^(5/2)))))/(Coefficient of Discharge*Area of Orifice*(sqrt(2*9.81)))

Time of Emptying Circular Horizontal Tank

Go Total Time Taken = (4*Length*((((2*Radius 1)-Final Height of Liquid)^(3/2))-((2*Radius 1)-Initial Height of Liquid)^(3/2)))/(3*Coefficient of Discharge*Area of Orifice*(sqrt(2*9.81)))

Time of Emptying Tank through Orifice at Bottom

Go Total Time Taken = (2*Area of Tank*((sqrt(Initial Height of Liquid))-(sqrt(Final Height of Liquid))))/(Coefficient of Discharge*Area of Orifice*sqrt(2*9.81))

Velocity of liquid at C-C for Hc, Ha, and H

Go Velocity of Liquid Inlet = sqrt(2*9.81*(Atmospheric Pressure Head+Constant Head-Absolute Pressure Head))

Coefficient of velocity for horizontal and vertical distance

Go Coefficient of Velocity = Horizontal Distance/(sqrt(4*Vertical Distance*Head of the Liquid))

Coefficient of Velocity given Head Loss

Go Coefficient of Velocity = sqrt(1-(Head Loss/Head of the Liquid))

Coefficient of velocity

Go Coefficient of Velocity = Actual Velocity/Theoretical Velocity

Theoretical velocity

Go Velocity = sqrt(2*9.81*Pelton Head)

Theoretical velocity Formula

Velocity = sqrt(2*9.81*Pelton Head)
v = sqrt(2*9.81*H_p)

What is the use of Bernoulli's equation here?

The orifice, nozzle and venturi flow rate meters use the Bernoulli Equation to calculate fluid flow rate using pressure difference through obstructions in the flow.

What happens after the vena-contracta section?

Vena contracta is the point in a fluid stream where the diameter of the stream is the least, and fluid velocity is at its maximum, such as in the case of a stream issuing out of a nozzle (orifice). Beyond this section, the jet diverges and is attracted in the downward direction by gravity.

How to Calculate Theoretical velocity?

Theoretical velocity calculator uses Velocity = sqrt(2*9.81*Pelton Head) to calculate the Velocity, The Theoretical velocity formula is defined from Bernoulli's equation from flow through an orifice. H is the head of the liquid above the centre of orifice. Velocity is denoted by v symbol.

How to calculate Theoretical velocity using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Theoretical velocity, enter Pelton Head (H_p) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Theoretical velocity calculation can be explained with given input values -> 28.7061 = sqrt(2*9.81*42).

FAQ

What is Theoretical velocity?

The Theoretical velocity formula is defined from Bernoulli's equation from flow through an orifice. H is the head of the liquid above the centre of orifice and is represented as v = sqrt(2*9.81*H_p) or Velocity = sqrt(2*9.81*Pelton Head). Pelton Head is the height difference between where the water enters into the hydro system and where it leaves it, measured in meters.

How to calculate Theoretical velocity?

The Theoretical velocity formula is defined from Bernoulli's equation from flow through an orifice. H is the head of the liquid above the centre of orifice is calculated using Velocity = sqrt(2*9.81*Pelton Head). To calculate Theoretical velocity, you need Pelton Head (H_p). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Pelton Head and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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