Electron Density Calculator

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Wave Propagation

Antenna Theory Parameters

Special Antennas

✖The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.ⓘ Refractive Index [η_r]			+10% -10%
✖The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.ⓘ Operating Frequency [f_o]			+10% -10%

✖Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.ⓘ Electron Density [N_max]

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Formula

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Electron Density

Formula

`"N"_{"max"} = ((1-"η"_{"r"}^2)*"f"_{"o"}^2)/81`

Example

`"2E^10/cm³"=((1-("0.905")^2)*("3e9Hz")^2)/81`

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Electron Density Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81
N_max = ((1-η_r^2)*f_o^2)/81
This formula uses 3 Variables

Variables Used

Electron Density - (Measured in 1 per Cubic Meter) - Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.
Refractive Index - The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.
Operating Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Refractive Index: 0.905 --> No Conversion Required
Operating Frequency: 3000000000 Hertz --> 3000000000 Hertz No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

N_max = ((1-η_r^2)*f_o^2)/81 --> ((1-0.905^2)*3000000000^2)/81

Evaluating ... ...

N_max = 2.01083333333333E+16

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

2.01083333333333E+16 1 per Cubic Meter -->20108333333.3333 1 per Cubic Centimeter (Check conversion here)

FINAL ANSWER

20108333333.3333 ≈ 2E+10 1 per Cubic Centimeter <-- Electron Density

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Created by Shobhit Dimri

Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology (BTKIT), Dwarahat

Shobhit Dimri has created this Calculator and 900+ more calculators!

Verified by Payal Priya

Birsa Institute of Technology (BIT), Sindri

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< 16 Wave Propagation Calculators

Field Strength of Space Wave

Go Field Strength = (4*pi*Electric Field*Height of Receiving Antenna*Height of Transmitting Antenna)/(Wavelength*Antenna Distance^2)

Skin Depth or Depth of Penetration

Go Skin Depth = 1/Conductivity of Antenna*sqrt(pi*Relative Permeability*[Permeability-vacuum]*Frequency of Conductor Loop)

Phase Difference between Radio Waves

Go Phase Difference = 4*pi*Height of Receiving Antenna*Height of Transmitting Antenna/(Antenna Distance*Wavelength)

Height of Layer

Go Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1))

Maximum Usable Frequency

Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency*sqrt(1+(Skip Distance/(2*Ionospheric Layer Height))^2)

Propagation Distance

Go Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)

Line of Sight

Go Line of Sight = 3577*(sqrt(Height of Receiving Antenna)+sqrt(Height of Transmitting Antenna))

Skip Distance

Go Skip Distance = 2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1)

Refractive Index of Ionosphere

Go Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))

Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency/cos(Angle of Incidence)

Normal of Reflecting Plane

Go Normal of Reflecting Plane = Wavelength/cos(Theta)

Wavelength of Plane

Go Wavelength = Normal of Reflecting Plane*cos(Theta)

Parallel of Reflecting Plane

Go Parallel of Reflecting = Wavelength/sin(Theta)

Electron Density

Go Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81

Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere = 9*sqrt(Electron Density)

Antenna Beamwidth

Go Antenna Beamwidth = (70*Wavelength)/Antenna Diameter

Electron Density Formula

Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81
N_max = ((1-η_r^2)*f_o^2)/81

What is no density?

The number density (symbol: n or ρN) is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (particles, molecules, phonons, cells, galaxies, etc.) in physical space.

How to Calculate Electron Density?

Electron Density calculator uses Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81 to calculate the Electron Density, Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium. Electron Density is denoted by N_max symbol.

How to calculate Electron Density using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Electron Density, enter Refractive Index (η_r) & Operating Frequency (f_o) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Electron Density calculation can be explained with given input values -> 20108.33 = ((1-0.905^2)*3000000000^2)/81.

FAQ

What is Electron Density?

Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium and is represented as N_max = ((1-η_r^2)*f_o^2)/81 or Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81. The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another & The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

How to calculate Electron Density?

Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium is calculated using Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81. To calculate Electron Density, you need Refractive Index (η_r) & Operating Frequency (f_o). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Refractive Index & Operating Frequency and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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