Refractive Index of Ionosphere Calculator

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Wave Propagation

Antenna Theory Parameters

Special Antennas

✖Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.ⓘ Electron Density [N_max]			+10% -10%
✖The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.ⓘ Operating Frequency [f_o]			+10% -10%

✖The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.ⓘ Refractive Index of Ionosphere [η_r]

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Formula

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Refractive Index of Ionosphere

Formula

`"η"_{"r"} = sqrt(1-((81*"N"_{"max"})/"f"_{"o"}^2))`

Example

`"0.905539"=sqrt(1-((81*"2e10/cm³")/("3e9Hz")^2))`

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Refractive Index of Ionosphere Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))
η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2))
This formula uses 1 Functions, 3 Variables

Functions Used

sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Refractive Index - The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.
Electron Density - (Measured in 1 per Cubic Meter) - Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.
Operating Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Electron Density: 20000000000 1 per Cubic Centimeter --> 2E+16 1 per Cubic Meter (Check conversion here)
Operating Frequency: 3000000000 Hertz --> 3000000000 Hertz No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2)) --> sqrt(1-((81*2E+16)/3000000000^2))

Evaluating ... ...

η_r = 0.905538513813742

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.905538513813742 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.905538513813742 ≈ 0.905539 <-- Refractive Index

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Created by Shobhit Dimri

Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology (BTKIT), Dwarahat

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Birsa Institute of Technology (BIT), Sindri

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< 16 Wave Propagation Calculators

Field Strength of Space Wave

Go Field Strength = (4*pi*Electric Field*Height of Receiving Antenna*Height of Transmitting Antenna)/(Wavelength*Antenna Distance^2)

Skin Depth or Depth of Penetration

Go Skin Depth = 1/Conductivity of Antenna*sqrt(pi*Relative Permeability*[Permeability-vacuum]*Frequency of Conductor Loop)

Phase Difference between Radio Waves

Go Phase Difference = 4*pi*Height of Receiving Antenna*Height of Transmitting Antenna/(Antenna Distance*Wavelength)

Height of Layer

Go Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1))

Maximum Usable Frequency

Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency*sqrt(1+(Skip Distance/(2*Ionospheric Layer Height) )^2)

Propagation Distance

Go Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)

Line of Sight

Go Line of Sight = 3577*(sqrt(Height of Receiving Antenna)+sqrt(Height of Transmitting Antenna))

Skip Distance

Go Skip Distance = 2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1)

Refractive Index of Ionosphere

Go Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))

Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency/cos(Angle of Incidence)

Normal of Reflecting Plane

Go Normal of Reflecting Plane = Wavelength/cos(Theta)

Wavelength of Plane

Go Wavelength = Normal of Reflecting Plane*cos(Theta)

Parallel of Reflecting Plane

Go Parallel of Reflecting = Wavelength/sin(Theta)

Electron Density

Go Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81

Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere = 9*sqrt(Electron Density)

Antenna Beamwidth

Go Antenna Beamwidth = (70*Wavelength)/Antenna Diameter

Refractive Index of Ionosphere Formula

Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))
η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2))

Define Ionospheric Propogation

In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere. ... line-of-sight propagation, in which radio waves travel in a straight line, the dominant mode at higher frequencies.

How to Calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

Refractive Index of Ionosphere calculator uses Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)) to calculate the Refractive Index, The Refractive Index of Ionosphere formula is defined as the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another. Refractive Index is denoted by η_r symbol.

How to calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Refractive Index of Ionosphere, enter Electron Density (N_max) & Operating Frequency (f_o) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Refractive Index of Ionosphere calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.905539 = sqrt(1-((81*2E+16)/3000000000^2)).

FAQ

What is Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

The Refractive Index of Ionosphere formula is defined as the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another and is represented as η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2)) or Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)). Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium & The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

How to calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

The Refractive Index of Ionosphere formula is defined as the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another is calculated using Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)). To calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere, you need Electron Density (N_max) & Operating Frequency (f_o). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Electron Density & Operating Frequency and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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