Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator

✖The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the energy contained within it. It is the energy necessary to create or prepare the system in any given internal state.ⓘ Internal Energy [U]			+10% -10%
✖Temperature is the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object.ⓘ Temperature [T]			+10% -10%
✖Entropy is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work.ⓘ Entropy [S]			+10% -10%

✖Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamics concept in which, the thermodynamic potential is used to measure the work of a closed system.ⓘ Helmholtz Free Energy [A]

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Formula

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Helmholtz Free Energy

Formula

`"A" = "U"-"T"*"S"`

Example

`"-0.2348KJ"="1.21KJ"-"86K"*"16.8 J/K"`

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Helmholtz Free Energy Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Helmholtz Free Energy = Internal Energy-Temperature*Entropy
A = U-T*S
This formula uses 4 Variables

Variables Used

Helmholtz Free Energy - (Measured in Joule) - Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamics concept in which, the thermodynamic potential is used to measure the work of a closed system.
Internal Energy - (Measured in Joule) - The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the energy contained within it. It is the energy necessary to create or prepare the system in any given internal state.
Temperature - (Measured in Kelvin) - Temperature is the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object.
Entropy - (Measured in Joule per Kelvin) - Entropy is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Internal Energy: 1.21 Kilojoule --> 1210 Joule (Check conversion here)
Temperature: 86 Kelvin --> 86 Kelvin No Conversion Required
Entropy: 16.8 Joule per Kelvin --> 16.8 Joule per Kelvin No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

A = U-T*S --> 1210-86*16.8

Evaluating ... ...

A = -234.8

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

-234.8 Joule -->-0.2348 Kilojoule (Check conversion here)

FINAL ANSWER

-0.2348 Kilojoule <-- Helmholtz Free Energy

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Created by Kethavath Srinath

Osmania University (OU), Hyderabad

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< 16 Entropy Generation Calculators

Entropy Change at Constant Volume

Go Entropy Change Constant Volume = Heat Capacity Constant Volume*ln(Temperature of Surface 2/Temperature of Surface 1)+[R]*ln(Specific Volume at Point 2/Specific Volume at Point 1)

Entropy Change at Constant Pressure

Go Entropy Change Constant Pressure = Heat Capacity Constant Pressure*ln(Temperature of Surface 2/Temperature of Surface 1)-[R]*ln(Pressure 2/Pressure 1)

Irreversibility

Go Irreversibility = (Temperature*(Entropy at point 2-Entropy at point 1)-Heat input/Input Temperature+Heat output/Output Temperature)

Entropy Change Variable Specific Heat

Go Entropy Change Variable Specific Heat = Standard molar entropy at point 2-Standard molar entropy at point 1-[R]*ln(Pressure 2/Pressure 1)

Entropy Change in Isobaric Processin Terms of Volume

Go Entropy Change Constant Pressure = Mass of Gas*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure*ln(Final Volume of System/Initial Volume of System)

Entropy Change for Isochoric Process given Pressures

Go Entropy Change Constant Volume = Mass of Gas*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Volume*ln(Final Pressure of System/Initial Pressure of System)

Entropy Change in Isobaric Process given Temperature

Go Entropy Change Constant Pressure = Mass of Gas*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure*ln(Final Temperature/Initial Temperature)

Entropy Change for Isochoric Process given Temperature

Go Entropy Change Constant Volume = Mass of Gas*Molar Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Volume*ln(Final Temperature/Initial Temperature)

Entropy Change for Isothermal Process given Volumes

Go Change in Entropy = Mass of Gas*[R]*ln(Final Volume of System/Initial Volume of System)

Entropy Balance Equation

Go Entropy Change Variable Specific Heat = Entropy of System-Entropy of Surrounding+Total Entropy Generation

Temperature using Helmholtz Free Energy

Go Temperature = (Internal Energy-Helmholtz Free Energy)/Entropy

Entropy using Helmholtz Free Energy

Go Entropy = (Internal Energy-Helmholtz Free Energy)/Temperature

Internal Energy using Helmholtz Free Energy

Go Internal Energy = Helmholtz Free Energy+Temperature*Entropy

Helmholtz Free Energy

Go Helmholtz Free Energy = Internal Energy-Temperature*Entropy

Gibbs Free Energy

Go Gibbs Free Energy = Enthalpy-Temperature*Entropy

Specific Entropy

Go Specific Entropy = Entropy/Mass

Helmholtz Free Energy Formula

Helmholtz Free Energy = Internal Energy-Temperature*Entropy
A = U-T*S

What is Helmholtz free energy?

In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and volume (isothermal, isochoric). The negative of the change in the Helmholtz energy during a process is equal to the maximum amount of work that the system can perform in a thermodynamic process in which volume is held constant. If the volume were not held constant, part of this work would be performed as boundary work. This makes the Helmholtz energy useful for systems held at constant volume.

How to Calculate Helmholtz Free Energy?

Helmholtz Free Energy calculator uses Helmholtz Free Energy = Internal Energy-Temperature*Entropy to calculate the Helmholtz Free Energy, Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamics concept in which, the thermodynamic potential is used to measure the work of a closed system with constant temperature and volume. Helmholtz Free Energy is denoted by A symbol.

How to calculate Helmholtz Free Energy using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Helmholtz Free Energy, enter Internal Energy (U), Temperature (T) & Entropy (S) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Helmholtz Free Energy calculation can be explained with given input values -> -0.000235 = 1210-86*16.8.

FAQ

What is Helmholtz Free Energy?

Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamics concept in which, the thermodynamic potential is used to measure the work of a closed system with constant temperature and volume and is represented as A = U-T*S or Helmholtz Free Energy = Internal Energy-Temperature*Entropy. The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the energy contained within it. It is the energy necessary to create or prepare the system in any given internal state, Temperature is the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object & Entropy is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work.

How to calculate Helmholtz Free Energy?

Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamics concept in which, the thermodynamic potential is used to measure the work of a closed system with constant temperature and volume is calculated using Helmholtz Free Energy = Internal Energy-Temperature*Entropy. To calculate Helmholtz Free Energy, you need Internal Energy (U), Temperature (T) & Entropy (S). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Internal Energy, Temperature & Entropy and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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