Minimum External Reflux given Compositions Calculator

✖Distillate composition refers to the distribution of different components or chemical species in the vapor phase collected or condensed during a distillation process.ⓘ Distillate Composition [x_D]			+10% -10%
✖Equilibrium Vapor composition describes the distribution of chemical species between the liquid and vapor phases of a component.ⓘ Equilibrium Vapor Composition [y_C]			+10% -10%
✖Equilibrium Liquid Composition is a key parameter that describes the distribution of different components between the liquid and vapor phases.ⓘ Equilibrium Liquid Composition [x_C]			+10% -10%

✖External Reflux Ratio refers to the ratio of the liquid returned to the top of the distillation column (reflux) to the liquid withdrawn from the column (distillate).ⓘ Minimum External Reflux given Compositions [R_ex]

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Minimum External Reflux given Compositions

Formula

`"R"_{"ex"} = ("x"_{"D"}-"y"_{"C"})/("y"_{"C"}-"x"_{"C"})`

Example

`"2.217295"=("0.95"-"0.75")/("0.75"-"0.6598")`

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Minimum External Reflux given Compositions Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

External Reflux Ratio = (Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Vapor Composition)/(Equilibrium Vapor Composition-Equilibrium Liquid Composition)
R_ex = (x_D-y_C)/(y_C-x_C)
This formula uses 4 Variables

Variables Used

External Reflux Ratio - External Reflux Ratio refers to the ratio of the liquid returned to the top of the distillation column (reflux) to the liquid withdrawn from the column (distillate).
Distillate Composition - Distillate composition refers to the distribution of different components or chemical species in the vapor phase collected or condensed during a distillation process.
Equilibrium Vapor Composition - Equilibrium Vapor composition describes the distribution of chemical species between the liquid and vapor phases of a component.
Equilibrium Liquid Composition - Equilibrium Liquid Composition is a key parameter that describes the distribution of different components between the liquid and vapor phases.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Distillate Composition: 0.95 --> No Conversion Required
Equilibrium Vapor Composition: 0.75 --> No Conversion Required
Equilibrium Liquid Composition: 0.6598 --> No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

R_ex = (x_D-y_C)/(y_C-x_C) --> (0.95-0.75)/(0.75-0.6598)

Evaluating ... ...

R_ex = 2.21729490022173

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

2.21729490022173 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

2.21729490022173 ≈ 2.217295 <-- External Reflux Ratio

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Created by Rishi Vadodaria

Malviya National Institute Of Technology (MNIT JAIPUR ), JAIPUR

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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UH Manoa), Hawaii, USA

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< 25 Distillation Tower Design Calculators

Relative Volatility of Two Components Based on Normal Boiling Point and Latent Heat of Vaporization

Go Relative Volatility = exp(0.25164*((1/Normal Boiling Point of Component 1)-(1/Normal Boiling Point of Component 2))*(Latent Heat of Vaporization of Component 1+Latent Heat of Vaporization of Component 2))

Maximum Allowable Vapor Velocity given Plate Spacing and Fluid Densities

Go Maximum Allowable Vapor Velocity = (-0.171*(Plate Spacing)^2+0.27*Plate Spacing-0.047)*((Liquid Density-Vapor Density in Distillation)/Vapor Density in Distillation)^0.5

Column Diameter given Maximum Vapor Rate and Maximum Vapor Velocity

Go Column Diameter = sqrt((4*Vapor Mass Flowrate)/(pi*Vapor Density in Distillation*Maximum Allowable Vapor Velocity))

Tower Cross Sectional Area given Gas Volumetric Flow and Flooding Velocity

Go Tower Cross Sectional Area = Volumetric Gas Flow/((Fractional Approach to Flooding Velocity*Flooding Velocity)*(1-Fractional Downcomer Area))

Minimum External Reflux given Compositions

Go External Reflux Ratio = (Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Vapor Composition)/(Equilibrium Vapor Composition-Equilibrium Liquid Composition)

Maximum Allowable Mass Velocity using Bubble Cap Trays

Go Maximum Allowable Mass Velocity = Entrainment Factor*(Vapor Density in Distillation*(Liquid Density-Vapor Density in Distillation)^(1/2))

Minimum Internal Reflux given Compositions

Go Internal Reflux Ratio = (Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Vapor Composition)/(Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Liquid Composition)

Dry Plate Pressure Drop in Distillation Column Design

Go Dry Plate Head Loss = 51*((Vapor Velocity Based on Hole Area/Orifice Coefficient)^2)*(Vapor Density in Distillation/Liquid Density)

Flooding Velocity in Distillation Column Design

Go Flooding Velocity = Capacity Factor*((Liquid Density-Vapor Density in Distillation)/Vapor Density in Distillation)^0.5

Weep Point Velocity in Distillation Column Design

Go Weep Point Vapor Velocity Based on Hole Area = (Weep Point Correlation Constant-0.90*(25.4-Hole Diameter))/((Vapor Density in Distillation)^0.5)

Liquid Vapor Flow Factor in Distillation Column Design

Go Flow Factor = (Liquid Mass Flowrate/Vapor Mass Flowrate)*((Vapor Density in Distillation/Liquid Density)^0.5)

Downcomer Residence Time in Distillation Column

Go Residence Time = (Downcomer Area*Clear Liquid Backup*Liquid Density)/Liquid Mass Flowrate

Internal Reflux Ratio Based on Liquid and Distillate Flowrates

Go Internal Reflux Ratio = Liquid Reflux Flowrate/(Liquid Reflux Flowrate+Distillate Flowrate)

Column Diameter Based on Vapor Flowrate and Mass Velocity of Vapor

Go Column Diameter = ((4*Vapor Mass Flowrate)/(pi*Maximum Allowable Mass Velocity))^(1/2)

Head Loss in Downcomer of Tray Tower

Go Downcomer Headloss = 166*((Liquid Mass Flowrate/(Liquid Density*Downcomer Area)))^2

Height of Liquid Crest over Weir

Go Weir Crest = (750/1000)*((Liquid Mass Flowrate/(Weir Length*Liquid Density))^(2/3))

Active Area given Gas Volumetric Flow and Flow Velocity

Go Active Area = Volumetric Gas Flow/(Fractional Downcomer Area*Flooding Velocity)

Fractional Downcomer Area given Total Cross Sectional Area

Go Fractional Downcomer Area = 2*(Downcomer Area/Tower Cross Sectional Area)

Fractional Active Area given Downcomer Area and Total Column Area

Go Fractional Active Area = 1-2*(Downcomer Area/Tower Cross Sectional Area)

Internal Reflux Ratio Given External Reflux Ratio

Go Internal Reflux Ratio = External Reflux Ratio/(External Reflux Ratio+1)

Tower Cross Sectional Area given Fractional Active Area

Go Tower Cross Sectional Area = Active Area/(1-Fractional Downcomer Area)

Tower Cross Sectional Area given Active Area

Go Tower Cross Sectional Area = Active Area/(1-Fractional Downcomer Area)

Clearance Area under Downcomer given Weir Length and Apron Height

Go Clearance Area Under Downcomer = Apron Height*Weir Length

Fractional Active Area given Fractional Downcomer Area

Go Fractional Active Area = 1-Fractional Downcomer Area

Residual Head Loss in Pressure in Distillation Column

Go Residual Head Loss = (12.5*10^3)/Liquid Density

Minimum External Reflux given Compositions Formula

External Reflux Ratio = (Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Vapor Composition)/(Equilibrium Vapor Composition-Equilibrium Liquid Composition)
R_ex = (x_D-y_C)/(y_C-x_C)

What is the significance of External Reflux Ratio?

The external reflux ratio in distillation is a critical parameter that significantly influences the efficiency and effectiveness of the separation process.
The external reflux ratio plays a role in the energy efficiency of the distillation process. Higher reflux ratios generally require more energy input due to increased reboiler duty, but they can lead to better separation. Balancing the reflux ratio is crucial to achieving separation goals while minimizing energy consumption.

How to Calculate Minimum External Reflux given Compositions?

Minimum External Reflux given Compositions calculator uses External Reflux Ratio = (Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Vapor Composition)/(Equilibrium Vapor Composition-Equilibrium Liquid Composition) to calculate the External Reflux Ratio, The Minimum External Reflux given Compositions formula is defined as the minimum amount of reflux required to achieve a specified separation in a distillation column. External Reflux Ratio is denoted by R_ex symbol.

How to calculate Minimum External Reflux given Compositions using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Minimum External Reflux given Compositions, enter Distillate Composition (x_D), Equilibrium Vapor Composition (y_C) & Equilibrium Liquid Composition (x_C) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Minimum External Reflux given Compositions calculation can be explained with given input values -> 2.217295 = (0.95-0.75)/(0.75-0.6598).

FAQ

What is Minimum External Reflux given Compositions?

The Minimum External Reflux given Compositions formula is defined as the minimum amount of reflux required to achieve a specified separation in a distillation column and is represented as R_ex = (x_D-y_C)/(y_C-x_C) or External Reflux Ratio = (Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Vapor Composition)/(Equilibrium Vapor Composition-Equilibrium Liquid Composition). Distillate composition refers to the distribution of different components or chemical species in the vapor phase collected or condensed during a distillation process, Equilibrium Vapor composition describes the distribution of chemical species between the liquid and vapor phases of a component & Equilibrium Liquid Composition is a key parameter that describes the distribution of different components between the liquid and vapor phases.

How to calculate Minimum External Reflux given Compositions?

The Minimum External Reflux given Compositions formula is defined as the minimum amount of reflux required to achieve a specified separation in a distillation column is calculated using External Reflux Ratio = (Distillate Composition-Equilibrium Vapor Composition)/(Equilibrium Vapor Composition-Equilibrium Liquid Composition). To calculate Minimum External Reflux given Compositions, you need Distillate Composition (x_D), Equilibrium Vapor Composition (y_C) & Equilibrium Liquid Composition (x_C). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Distillate Composition, Equilibrium Vapor Composition & Equilibrium Liquid Composition and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

How many ways are there to calculate External Reflux Ratio?

In this formula, External Reflux Ratio uses Distillate Composition, Equilibrium Vapor Composition & Equilibrium Liquid Composition. We can use 1 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -

External Reflux Ratio = Internal Reflux Ratio/(1-Internal Reflux Ratio)

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