Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel Calculator

✖Vehicle Wheelbase BFW is the center distance between the front and the rear axle of the vehicle.ⓘ Vehicle Wheelbase BFW [b]			+10% -10%
✖Vehicle Weight BFW is the heaviness of the vehicle, generally expressed in Newtons.ⓘ Vehicle Weight BFW [W]			+10% -10%
✖Horizontal Distance of C.G. from rear Axle BFW is the distance of vehicle's center of gravity (C.G.) form rear axle measured along wheelbase of vehicle.ⓘ Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW [x]			+10% -10%
✖Road Inclination Angle BFW of Road is the angle which the road surface is making with the horizontal.ⓘ Road Inclination Angle BFW [θ]			+10% -10%
✖Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW is the reaction force offered by the ground surface onto the front wheels.ⓘ Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW [R_F]			+10% -10%
✖Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW is the theoretical point where the sum of all of the masses of each of its individual components effectively act.ⓘ Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW [h]			+10% -10%

✖Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW is the friction coefficient which is generated between wheels and ground when the brakes are applied.ⓘ Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel [μ]

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Formula

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Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel

Formula

`"μ" = ("b"-"W"*"x"*cos("θ")/"R"_{"F"})/"h"`

Example

`"0.579993"=("2.4m"-"15000N"*"1.3m"*cos("12°")/"7961.88N")/"0.0075m"`

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Download Weight Transfer during Braking Formula PDF

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW = (Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW)/Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW
μ = (b-W*x*cos(θ)/R_F)/h
This formula uses 1 Functions, 7 Variables

Functions Used

cos - Cosine of an angle is the ratio of the side adjacent to the angle to the hypotenuse of the triangle., cos(Angle)

Variables Used

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW - Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW is the friction coefficient which is generated between wheels and ground when the brakes are applied.
Vehicle Wheelbase BFW - (Measured in Meter) - Vehicle Wheelbase BFW is the center distance between the front and the rear axle of the vehicle.
Vehicle Weight BFW - (Measured in Newton) - Vehicle Weight BFW is the heaviness of the vehicle, generally expressed in Newtons.
Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW - (Measured in Meter) - Horizontal Distance of C.G. from rear Axle BFW is the distance of vehicle's center of gravity (C.G.) form rear axle measured along wheelbase of vehicle.
Road Inclination Angle BFW - (Measured in Radian) - Road Inclination Angle BFW of Road is the angle which the road surface is making with the horizontal.
Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW - (Measured in Newton) - Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW is the reaction force offered by the ground surface onto the front wheels.
Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW - (Measured in Meter) - Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW is the theoretical point where the sum of all of the masses of each of its individual components effectively act.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Vehicle Wheelbase BFW: 2.4 Meter --> 2.4 Meter No Conversion Required
Vehicle Weight BFW: 15000 Newton --> 15000 Newton No Conversion Required
Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW: 1.3 Meter --> 1.3 Meter No Conversion Required
Road Inclination Angle BFW: 12 Degree --> 0.20943951023928 Radian (Check conversion here)
Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW: 7961.88 Newton --> 7961.88 Newton No Conversion Required
Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW: 0.0075 Meter --> 0.0075 Meter No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

μ = (b-W*x*cos(θ)/R_F)/h --> (2.4-15000*1.3*cos(0.20943951023928)/7961.88)/0.0075

Evaluating ... ...

μ = 0.579993430205406

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.579993430205406 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.579993430205406 ≈ 0.579993 <-- Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW

(Calculation completed in 00.021 seconds)

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Home » Physics » Automobile » Race Car Vehicle Dynamics » Weight Transfer during Braking » Front Wheel Braking for Racing Cars » Effects on Front Wheel » Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel

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Created by Peri Krishna Karthik

National Institute of Technology Calicut (NIT Calicut), Calicut, Kerala

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< 7 Effects on Front Wheel Calculators

Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle at Front Wheel

Go Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW = ((Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW)*Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW)/(Vehicle Weight BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW))

Slope of Road at Front Wheel

Go Road Inclination Angle BFW = acos(Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW*(Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW)/(Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW))

Normal Reaction Force on Front Wheel

Go Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW = (Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW))/(Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW)

Vehicle Weight at Front Wheel

Go Vehicle Weight BFW = Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW/(Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/(Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW))

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel

Go Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW = (Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW)/Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW

Height of C.G. at Front Wheel

Go Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW = (Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW)/Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW

Vehicle Wheelbase at Front Wheel

Go Vehicle Wheelbase BFW = Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW+Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel Formula

How weight transfer occurs during braking?

The inertial force acts at the centre of gravity of the vehicle, while the retarding force due to the application of brakes acts at the road surface. These two forms an overturning couple. This overturning couple increases the perpendicular force between the front wheels and ground by an amount, while the perpendicular force between rear wheels and ground is decreased by an equal amount. Some of the vehicle weight is thus transferred from the rear to the front axle.

Braking distribution among front and rear brakes

It is observed that in vehicles either the distribution of weight over the two axles is equal, or the front axle carries more weight, the braking effect has to be more at the front wheels for efficient braking. It is seen that in general for achieving maximum efficiency, about 75% of the total braking effect should be on front wheels. However, in such case the trouble would arise while travelling over wet road. where hight braking effect at the front would cause skidding of front wheels, because of decrease of weight transfer. In practice, about 60% of the braking effort is applied on the front wheels.

How to Calculate Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel?

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel calculator uses Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW = (Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW)/Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW to calculate the Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW, Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel formula is used to find the measure of the amount of friction existing between ground and wheel. Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW is denoted by μ symbol.

How to calculate Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel, enter Vehicle Wheelbase BFW (b), Vehicle Weight BFW (W), Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW (x), Road Inclination Angle BFW (θ), Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW (R_F) & Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW (h) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel calculation can be explained with given input values -> -74.230935 = (2.4-15000*1.3*cos(0.20943951023928)/7961.88)/0.0075.

FAQ

What is Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel?

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel formula is used to find the measure of the amount of friction existing between ground and wheel and is represented as μ = (b-W*x*cos(θ)/R_F)/h or Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW = (Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW)/Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW. Vehicle Wheelbase BFW is the center distance between the front and the rear axle of the vehicle, Vehicle Weight BFW is the heaviness of the vehicle, generally expressed in Newtons, Horizontal Distance of C.G. from rear Axle BFW is the distance of vehicle's center of gravity (C.G.) form rear axle measured along wheelbase of vehicle, Road Inclination Angle BFW of Road is the angle which the road surface is making with the horizontal, Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW is the reaction force offered by the ground surface onto the front wheels & Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW is the theoretical point where the sum of all of the masses of each of its individual components effectively act.

How to calculate Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel?

Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel formula is used to find the measure of the amount of friction existing between ground and wheel is calculated using Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BFW = (Vehicle Wheelbase BFW-Vehicle Weight BFW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BFW)/Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW)/Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW. To calculate Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Road Surface at Front Wheel, you need Vehicle Wheelbase BFW (b), Vehicle Weight BFW (W), Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW (x), Road Inclination Angle BFW (θ), Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW (R_F) & Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW (h). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Vehicle Wheelbase BFW, Vehicle Weight BFW, Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BFW, Road Inclination Angle BFW, Normal Reaction at the Front Wheel BFW & Height of C.G. of Vehicle BFW and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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