What is external flow?
In fluid mechanics, external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and/or concentration gradients are negligible. It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it.
An example includes fluid motion over a flat plate (inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity) and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, airfoil, or turbine blade, air flowing around an airplane and water flowing around the submarines.
How to Calculate Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness at X given momentum thickness?
Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness at X given momentum thickness calculator uses Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness = (72/7)*Momentum Thickness to calculate the Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness, The Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness at X given momentum thickness formula is defined as the distance from the solid body at which the viscous flow velocity is 99% of the free stream velocity. Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness is denoted by 𝛿hx symbol.
How to calculate Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness at X given momentum thickness using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness at X given momentum thickness, enter Momentum Thickness (θ) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness at X given momentum thickness calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.154286 = (72/7)*0.015.