What is external flow?
In fluid mechanics, external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and/or concentration gradients are negligible. It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it.
An example includes fluid motion over a flat plate (inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity) and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, airfoil, or turbine blade, air flowing around an airplane and water flowing around the submarines.
How to Calculate Momentum thickness at X?
Momentum thickness at X calculator uses Momentum Thickness = (7/72)*Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness to calculate the Momentum Thickness, The Momentum thickness at X formula is defined as the loss of momentum in the boundary layer as compared with that of potential flow. Momentum Thickness is denoted by θ symbol.
How to calculate Momentum thickness at X using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Momentum thickness at X, enter Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness (𝛿hx) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Momentum thickness at X calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.194444 = (7/72)*2.