Ground effect factor Calculator

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✖Height from Ground is the distance of the wing from the ground.ⓘ Height from Ground [h]			+10% -10%
✖The Wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip.ⓘ Wingspan [b]			+10% -10%

✖Ground effect factor is the ratio of the induced drag in-ground-effect to the induced drag out-of-ground-effect.ⓘ Ground effect factor [ϕ]

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Formula

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Ground effect factor

Formula

`"ϕ" = ((16*"h"/"b")^2)/(1+((16*"h"/"b")^2))`

Example

`"0.93649"=((16*"12m"/"50m")^2)/(1+((16*"12m"/"50m")^2))`

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Ground effect factor Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Ground effect factor = ((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)/(1+((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2))
ϕ = ((16*h/b)^2)/(1+((16*h/b)^2))
This formula uses 3 Variables

Variables Used

Ground effect factor - Ground effect factor is the ratio of the induced drag in-ground-effect to the induced drag out-of-ground-effect.
Height from Ground - (Measured in Meter) - Height from Ground is the distance of the wing from the ground.
Wingspan - (Measured in Meter) - The Wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Height from Ground: 12 Meter --> 12 Meter No Conversion Required
Wingspan: 50 Meter --> 50 Meter No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

ϕ = ((16*h/b)^2)/(1+((16*h/b)^2)) --> ((16*12/50)^2)/(1+((16*12/50)^2))

Evaluating ... ...

ϕ = 0.936490194085967

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.936490194085967 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.936490194085967 ≈ 0.93649 <-- Ground effect factor

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Credits

Created by Vinay Mishra

Indian Institute for Aeronautical Engineering and Information Technology (IIAEIT), Pune

Vinay Mishra has created this Calculator and 300+ more calculators!

Verified by Shikha Maurya

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay

Shikha Maurya has verified this Calculator and 200+ more calculators!

< 15 Take-Off Calculators

Take Off Ground Run

Go Takeoff Ground Run = Weight Of Aircraft/(2*[g])*int((2*Velocity of Aircraft)/(Thrust Force-Drag Force-Reference Of Rolling Resistance Coefficient*(Weight Of Aircraft-Lift Force)),x,0,Aircraft Lift Off Speed)

Drag during ground effect

Go Drag Force = (Parasite Drag coefficient+(((Lift Coefficient^2)*Ground effect factor)/(pi*Oswald efficiency factor*Aspect Ratio of a wing)))*(0.5*Freestream density*(Flight Velocity^2)*Reference Area)

Thrust for given liftoff distance

Go Thrust of an aircraft = 1.44*(Weight Newton^2)/([g]*Freestream density*Reference Area*Maximum Lift Coefficient*Liftoff Distance)

Liftoff distance

Go Liftoff Distance = 1.44*(Weight Newton^2)/([g]*Freestream density*Reference Area*Maximum Lift Coefficient*Thrust of an aircraft)

Liftoff velocity for given weight

Go Liftoff velocity = 1.2*(sqrt((2*Weight Newton)/(Freestream density*Reference Area*Maximum Lift Coefficient)))

Stall velocity for given weight

Go Stall Velocity = sqrt((2*Weight Newton)/(Freestream density*Reference Area*Maximum Lift Coefficient))

Maximum Lift coefficient for given liftoff velocity

Go Maximum Lift Coefficient = 2.88*Weight Newton/(Freestream density*Reference Area*(Liftoff velocity^2))

Ground effect factor

Go Ground effect factor = ((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)/(1+((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2))

Maximum Lift coefficient for given stall velocity

Go Maximum Lift Coefficient = 2*Weight Newton/(Freestream density*Reference Area*(Stall Velocity^2))

Coefficient of rolling friction during ground roll

Go Coefficient of Rolling Friction = Rolling Resistance/(Weight Newton-Lift Force)

Lift acting on aircraft during ground roll

Go Lift Force = Weight Newton-(Rolling Resistance/Coefficient of Rolling Friction)

Weight of aircraft during ground roll

Go Weight Newton = (Rolling Resistance/Coefficient of Rolling Friction)+Lift Force

Resistance force during ground roll

Go Rolling Resistance = Coefficient of Rolling Friction*(Weight Newton-Lift Force)

Liftoff velocity for given stall velocity

Go Liftoff velocity = 1.2*Stall Velocity

Stall velocity for given liftoff velocity

Go Stall Velocity = Liftoff velocity/1.2

Ground effect factor Formula

Ground effect factor = ((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)/(1+((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2))
ϕ = ((16*h/b)^2)/(1+((16*h/b)^2))

What is the ground effect in aerodynamics?

For fixed-wing aircraft, the ground effect is the reduced aerodynamic drag that an aircraft's wings generate when they are close to a fixed surface.

How to Calculate Ground effect factor?

Ground effect factor calculator uses Ground effect factor = ((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)/(1+((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)) to calculate the Ground effect factor, The Ground effect factor is a function of the height of the wing above the ground and the wingspan of the aircraft. Ground effect factor is denoted by ϕ symbol.

How to calculate Ground effect factor using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Ground effect factor, enter Height from Ground (h) & Wingspan (b) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Ground effect factor calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.93649 = ((16*12/50)^2)/(1+((16*12/50)^2)).

FAQ

What is Ground effect factor?

The Ground effect factor is a function of the height of the wing above the ground and the wingspan of the aircraft and is represented as ϕ = ((16*h/b)^2)/(1+((16*h/b)^2)) or Ground effect factor = ((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)/(1+((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)). Height from Ground is the distance of the wing from the ground & The Wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip.

How to calculate Ground effect factor?

The Ground effect factor is a function of the height of the wing above the ground and the wingspan of the aircraft is calculated using Ground effect factor = ((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)/(1+((16*Height from Ground/Wingspan)^2)). To calculate Ground effect factor, you need Height from Ground (h) & Wingspan (b). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Height from Ground & Wingspan and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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