Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary
Formula Used
Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = (Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Vehicle Weight BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW))
h = (RR*b-W*x*cos(θ))/(μ*(W*cos(θ)-RR))
This formula uses 1 Functions, 7 Variables
Functions Used
cos - Cosine of an angle is the ratio of the side adjacent to the angle to the hypotenuse of the triangle., cos(Angle)
Variables Used
Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW - (Measured in Meter) - Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW is the theoretical point where the sum of all of the masses of each of its individual components effectively act.
Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW - (Measured in Newton) - Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW is the reaction force offered by the ground surface onto the rear wheel.
Vehicle Wheelbase BRW - (Measured in Meter) - Vehicle Wheelbase BRW is the center distance between the front and the rear axle of the vehicle.
Vehicle Weight BRW - (Measured in Newton) - Vehicle Weight BRW is the heaviness of the vehicle, generally expressed in Newtons.
Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW - (Measured in Meter) - Horizontal Distance of C.G. from rear Axle BRW is the distance of vehicle's center of gravity (C.G.) form rear axle measured along wheelbase of vehicle.
Road Inclination Angle BRW - (Measured in Radian) - Road Inclination Angle BRW is the angle which the road surface is making with the horizontal.
Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW - Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW is friction coefficient that is generated between wheels and ground when rear brakes are applied.
STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit
Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW: 5700 Newton --> 5700 Newton No Conversion Required
Vehicle Wheelbase BRW: 2.7 Meter --> 2.7 Meter No Conversion Required
Vehicle Weight BRW: 13000 Newton --> 13000 Newton No Conversion Required
Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW: 1.2 Meter --> 1.2 Meter No Conversion Required
Road Inclination Angle BRW: 10 Degree --> 0.1745329251994 Radian (Check conversion here)
Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW: 0.48 --> No Conversion Required
STEP 2: Evaluate Formula
Substituting Input Values in Formula
h = (RR*b-W*x*cos(θ))/(μ*(W*cos(θ)-RR)) --> (5700*2.7-13000*1.2*cos(0.1745329251994))/(0.48*(13000*cos(0.1745329251994)-5700))
Evaluating ... ...
h = 0.00791946791317697
STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit
0.00791946791317697 Meter --> No Conversion Required
FINAL ANSWER
0.00791946791317697 0.007919 Meter <-- Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW
(Calculation completed in 00.020 seconds)

Credits

National Institute of Technology Calicut (NIT Calicut), Calicut, Kerala
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12 Effects on Rear Wheel (RW) Calculators

Wheel Base of Vehicle using Retardation on Rear Wheel
Go Vehicle Wheelbase BRW = ((Braking Retardation BRW/[g]+sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW))*Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-(Braking Retardation BRW/[g]+sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW)))
Friction Coefficient using Retardation on Rear Wheel
Go Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW = ((Braking Retardation BRW/[g]+sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW))*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW)/((Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW)*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-((Braking Retardation BRW/[g]+sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW))*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW))
Height of C.G. using Retardation on Rear Wheel
Go Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = ((Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW)*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/((Braking Retardation BRW/[g])+sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW))-Vehicle Wheelbase BRW)/Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW
Friction Coefficient between Wheel and Road Surface on Rear Wheel
Go Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW = (Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Vehicle Weight BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW*(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW))
Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel
Go Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = (Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Vehicle Weight BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW))
Horizontal Distance of C.G. using Retardation on Rear Wheel
Go Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW = Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-((Braking Retardation BRW/[g]+sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW))*(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)))
Braking Retardation on Rear Wheel
Go Braking Retardation BRW = [g]*((Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW)*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)-sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW))
Slope of Road on Rear Wheel
Go Road Inclination Angle BRW = acos(Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW/(Vehicle Weight BRW*(Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)/(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)))
Weight of Vehicle on Rear Wheel
Go Vehicle Weight BRW = Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW/((Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)/(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW))
Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle on Rear Wheel
Go Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW = Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)/(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))-Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW
Normal Reaction Force at Rear Wheel
Go Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW = Vehicle Weight BRW*(Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)/(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)
Wheel Base on Rear Wheel
Go Vehicle Wheelbase BRW = (Vehicle Weight BRW*(Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW+Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW)*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)/Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW)-Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW

Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel Formula

Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = (Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Vehicle Weight BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW))
h = (RR*b-W*x*cos(θ))/(μ*(W*cos(θ)-RR))

How weight transfer occurs during braking?

The inertial force acts at the centre of gravity of the vehicle, while the retarding force due to the application of brakes acts at the road surface. These two forms an overturning couple. This overturning couple increases the perpendicular force between the front wheels and ground by an amount, while the perpendicular force between rear wheels and ground is decreased by an equal amount. Some of the vehicle weight is thus transferred from the rear to the front axle.

Braking distribution among front and rear brakes

It is observed that in vehicles either the distribution of weight over the two axles is equal, or the front axle carries more weight, the braking effect has to be more at the front wheels for efficient braking. It is seen that in general for achieving maximum efficiency, about 75% of the total braking effect should be on front wheels. However, in such case the trouble would arise while travelling over wet road. where hight braking effect at the front would cause skidding of front wheels, because of decrease of weight transfer. In practice, about 60% of the braking effort is applied on the front wheels.

How to Calculate Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel?

Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel calculator uses Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = (Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Vehicle Weight BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW)) to calculate the Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW, Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel formula is used to find the height of the theoretical point where the sum of all of the masses of each of its individual components effectively acts. Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW is denoted by h symbol.

How to calculate Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel, enter Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW (RR), Vehicle Wheelbase BRW (b), Vehicle Weight BRW (W), Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW (x), Road Inclination Angle BRW (θ) & Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW (μ) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel calculation can be explained with given input values -> -0.043283 = (5700*2.7-13000*1.2*cos(0.1745329251994))/(0.48*(13000*cos(0.1745329251994)-5700)).

FAQ

What is Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel?
Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel formula is used to find the height of the theoretical point where the sum of all of the masses of each of its individual components effectively acts and is represented as h = (RR*b-W*x*cos(θ))/(μ*(W*cos(θ)-RR)) or Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = (Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Vehicle Weight BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW)). Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW is the reaction force offered by the ground surface onto the rear wheel, Vehicle Wheelbase BRW is the center distance between the front and the rear axle of the vehicle, Vehicle Weight BRW is the heaviness of the vehicle, generally expressed in Newtons, Horizontal Distance of C.G. from rear Axle BRW is the distance of vehicle's center of gravity (C.G.) form rear axle measured along wheelbase of vehicle, Road Inclination Angle BRW is the angle which the road surface is making with the horizontal & Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW is friction coefficient that is generated between wheels and ground when rear brakes are applied.
How to calculate Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel?
Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel formula is used to find the height of the theoretical point where the sum of all of the masses of each of its individual components effectively acts is calculated using Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = (Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW*Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Vehicle Weight BRW*Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/(Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Weight BRW*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW)-Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW)). To calculate Height of C.G. from Road Surface on Rear Wheel, you need Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW (RR), Vehicle Wheelbase BRW (b), Vehicle Weight BRW (W), Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW (x), Road Inclination Angle BRW (θ) & Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW (μ). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW, Vehicle Wheelbase BRW, Vehicle Weight BRW, Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW, Road Inclination Angle BRW & Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.
How many ways are there to calculate Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW?
In this formula, Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW uses Normal Reaction at Rear Wheel BRW, Vehicle Wheelbase BRW, Vehicle Weight BRW, Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW, Road Inclination Angle BRW & Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW. We can use 1 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -
  • Height of C.G. of Vehicle BRW = ((Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW*(Vehicle Wheelbase BRW-Horizontal Distance of C.G. from Rear Axle BRW)*cos(Road Inclination Angle BRW))/((Braking Retardation BRW/[g])+sin(Road Inclination Angle BRW))-Vehicle Wheelbase BRW)/Friction Coefficient between Wheels and Ground BRW
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