Reflectivity of Material Calculator

✖Specific Gravity of Material is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of the density of the material to the density of water at a specified temperature.ⓘ Specific Gravity of Material [s]			+10% -10%
✖Volume of Metal Melted is defined as the volume of the material removed during the process of Laser Beam Machining.ⓘ Volume of Metal Melted [V]			+10% -10%
✖Specific Heat Capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount.ⓘ Specific Heat Capacity [c]			+10% -10%
✖Melting Temperature of Base Metal is the temperature at which its phase changes to liquid to solid.ⓘ Melting Temperature of Base Metal [T_m]			+10% -10%
✖Ambient Temperature is the temperature of the surrounding.ⓘ Ambient Temperature [θ_ambient]			+10% -10%
✖The Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat required to convert one unit amount of substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase — leaving the temperature of the system unaltered.ⓘ Latent Heat of Fusion [L_fusion]			+10% -10%
✖Heat Energy is the amount of total heat required.ⓘ Heat Energy [Q]			+10% -10%

✖Material Reflectivity is the ratio of amount of radiation that is reflected to the total radiation incident.ⓘ Reflectivity of Material [R]

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Formula

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Reflectivity of Material

Formula

`"R" = 1-("s"*"V"*("c"*("T"_{"m"}-"θ"_{"ambient"})+"L"_{"fusion"})*4.2)/"Q"`

Example

`"0.5"=1-("2.4"*"0.04m³"*("0.421J/kg*°C"*("1499.999°C"-"55.02°C")+"4599.997J/kg")*4.2)/"4200J"`

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Reflectivity of Material Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Material Reflectivity = 1-(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion)*4.2)/Heat Energy
R = 1-(s*V*(c*(T_m-θ_ambient)+L_fusion)*4.2)/Q
This formula uses 8 Variables

Variables Used

Material Reflectivity - Material Reflectivity is the ratio of amount of radiation that is reflected to the total radiation incident.
Specific Gravity of Material - Specific Gravity of Material is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of the density of the material to the density of water at a specified temperature.
Volume of Metal Melted - (Measured in Cubic Meter) - Volume of Metal Melted is defined as the volume of the material removed during the process of Laser Beam Machining.
Specific Heat Capacity - (Measured in Joule per Kilogram per K) - Specific Heat Capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount.
Melting Temperature of Base Metal - (Measured in Kelvin) - Melting Temperature of Base Metal is the temperature at which its phase changes to liquid to solid.
Ambient Temperature - (Measured in Kelvin) - Ambient Temperature is the temperature of the surrounding.
Latent Heat of Fusion - (Measured in Joule per Kilogram) - The Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat required to convert one unit amount of substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase — leaving the temperature of the system unaltered.
Heat Energy - (Measured in Joule) - Heat Energy is the amount of total heat required.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Specific Gravity of Material: 2.4 --> No Conversion Required
Volume of Metal Melted: 0.04 Cubic Meter --> 0.04 Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
Specific Heat Capacity: 0.421 Joule per Kilogram per Celcius --> 0.421 Joule per Kilogram per K (Check conversion here)
Melting Temperature of Base Metal: 1499.999 Celsius --> 1773.149 Kelvin (Check conversion here)
Ambient Temperature: 55.02 Celsius --> 328.17 Kelvin (Check conversion here)
Latent Heat of Fusion: 4599.997 Joule per Kilogram --> 4599.997 Joule per Kilogram No Conversion Required
Heat Energy: 4200 Joule --> 4200 Joule No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

R = 1-(s*V*(c*(T_m-θ_ambient)+L_fusion)*4.2)/Q --> 1-(2.4*0.04*(0.421*(1773.149-328.17)+4599.997)*4.2)/4200

Evaluating ... ...

R = 0.500000016736

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.500000016736 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.500000016736 ≈ 0.5 <-- Material Reflectivity

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Home » Engineering » Production Engineering » Unconventional machining processes » Laser Beam Machining (LBM) » Energy Requirements in LBM » Reflectivity of Material

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Created by Rajat Vishwakarma

University Institute of Technology RGPV (UIT - RGPV), Bhopal

Rajat Vishwakarma has created this Calculator and 400+ more calculators!

Verified by Vaibhav Malani

National Institute of Technology (NIT), Tiruchirapalli

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< 8 Energy Requirements in LBM Calculators

Specific Gravity of given Metal

Go Specific Gravity of Material = (Heat Energy*(1-Material Reflectivity))/(Volume of Metal Melted*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion)*4.2)

Specific Heat Capacity of Metal

Go Specific Heat Capacity = ((Heat Energy*(1-Material Reflectivity))/(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*4.2)-Latent Heat of Fusion)/(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)

Volume of Metal Melted

Go Volume of Metal Melted = (Heat Energy*(1-Material Reflectivity))/(Specific Gravity of Material*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion)*4.2)

Ambient Temperature during LBM

Go Ambient Temperature = Melting Temperature of Base Metal-((Heat Energy*(1-Material Reflectivity))/(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*4.2)-Latent Heat of Fusion)/Specific Heat Capacity

Latent Heat of Fusion of Metal

Go Latent Heat of Fusion = (Heat Energy*(1-Material Reflectivity))/(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*4.2)-Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)

Melting Temperature of Metal

Go Melting Temperature of Base Metal = ((Heat Energy*(1-Material Reflectivity))/(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*4.2)-Latent Heat of Fusion)/Specific Heat Capacity+Ambient Temperature

Reflectivity of Material

Go Material Reflectivity = 1-(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion)*4.2)/Heat Energy

Energy Required to Melt Metal in LBM

Go Heat Energy = (Metal Density*Volume of Metal Melted*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion))/(1-Material Reflectivity)

Reflectivity of Material Formula

How does Laser Beam Machining work ?

Laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) beam machining (LBM) utilises the energy from the coherent light beams called laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The basic principle utilised in LBM is that under proper conditions light energy of a particular frequency is used to stimulate the electrons in an atom to emit additional light with exactly the same characteristics of the original light source.

How to Calculate Reflectivity of Material?

Reflectivity of Material calculator uses Material Reflectivity = 1-(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion)*4.2)/Heat Energy to calculate the Material Reflectivity, The Reflectivity of material formula is defined as ratio of amount of radiation that is reflected to total radiation incident. Material Reflectivity is denoted by R symbol.

How to calculate Reflectivity of Material using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Reflectivity of Material, enter Specific Gravity of Material (s), Volume of Metal Melted (V), Specific Heat Capacity (c), Melting Temperature of Base Metal (T_m), Ambient Temperature (θ_ambient), Latent Heat of Fusion (L_fusion) & Heat Energy (Q) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Reflectivity of Material calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.5 = 1-(2.4*0.04*(0.421*(1773.149-328.17)+4599.997)*4.2)/4200.

FAQ

What is Reflectivity of Material?

The Reflectivity of material formula is defined as ratio of amount of radiation that is reflected to total radiation incident and is represented as R = 1-(s*V*(c*(T_m-θ_ambient)+L_fusion)*4.2)/Q or Material Reflectivity = 1-(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion)*4.2)/Heat Energy. Specific Gravity of Material is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of the density of the material to the density of water at a specified temperature, Volume of Metal Melted is defined as the volume of the material removed during the process of Laser Beam Machining, Specific Heat Capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount, Melting Temperature of Base Metal is the temperature at which its phase changes to liquid to solid, Ambient Temperature is the temperature of the surrounding, The Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat required to convert one unit amount of substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase — leaving the temperature of the system unaltered & Heat Energy is the amount of total heat required.

How to calculate Reflectivity of Material?

The Reflectivity of material formula is defined as ratio of amount of radiation that is reflected to total radiation incident is calculated using Material Reflectivity = 1-(Specific Gravity of Material*Volume of Metal Melted*(Specific Heat Capacity*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)+Latent Heat of Fusion)*4.2)/Heat Energy. To calculate Reflectivity of Material, you need Specific Gravity of Material (s), Volume of Metal Melted (V), Specific Heat Capacity (c), Melting Temperature of Base Metal (T_m), Ambient Temperature (θ_ambient), Latent Heat of Fusion (L_fusion) & Heat Energy (Q). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Specific Gravity of Material, Volume of Metal Melted, Specific Heat Capacity, Melting Temperature of Base Metal, Ambient Temperature, Latent Heat of Fusion & Heat Energy and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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