Thermal Voltage of CMOS Calculator

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CMOS Design Characteristics

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✖Built-in Potential is potential inside the MOSFET.ⓘ Built-in Potential [ψ_o]			+10% -10%
✖Acceptor Concentration is the concentration of holes in acceptor state.ⓘ Acceptor Concentration [N_a]			+10% -10%
✖Donor concentration is the concentration of electrons in the donor state.ⓘ Donor Concentration [N_d]			+10% -10%
✖Intrinsic Electron Concentration is defined as the number of electrons in the conduction band or the number of holes in the valence band in intrinsic material.ⓘ Intrinsic Electron Concentration [n_i]			+10% -10%

✖Thermal Voltage is the voltage produced within the p-n junction.ⓘ Thermal Voltage of CMOS [V_t]

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Formula

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Thermal Voltage of CMOS

Formula

`"V"_{"t"} = "ψ"_{"o"}/ln(("N"_{"a"}*"N"_{"d"})/("n"_{"i"}^2))`

Example

`"0.549472V"="18.8V"/ln(("1100/m³"*"1.9e14/m³")/(("17")^2))`

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Download CMOS Design Characteristics Formulas PDF

Thermal Voltage of CMOS Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Thermal Voltage = Built-in Potential/ln((Acceptor Concentration*Donor Concentration)/(Intrinsic Electron Concentration^2))
V_t = ψ_o/ln((N_a*N_d)/(n_i^2))
This formula uses 1 Functions, 5 Variables

Functions Used

ln - The natural logarithm, also known as the logarithm to the base e, is the inverse function of the natural exponential function., ln(Number)

Variables Used

Thermal Voltage - (Measured in Volt) - Thermal Voltage is the voltage produced within the p-n junction.
Built-in Potential - (Measured in Volt) - Built-in Potential is potential inside the MOSFET.
Acceptor Concentration - (Measured in 1 per Cubic Meter) - Acceptor Concentration is the concentration of holes in acceptor state.
Donor Concentration - (Measured in 1 per Cubic Meter) - Donor concentration is the concentration of electrons in the donor state.
Intrinsic Electron Concentration - Intrinsic Electron Concentration is defined as the number of electrons in the conduction band or the number of holes in the valence band in intrinsic material.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Built-in Potential: 18.8 Volt --> 18.8 Volt No Conversion Required
Acceptor Concentration: 1100 1 per Cubic Meter --> 1100 1 per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
Donor Concentration: 190000000000000 1 per Cubic Meter --> 190000000000000 1 per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
Intrinsic Electron Concentration: 17 --> No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

V_t = ψ_o/ln((N_a*N_d)/(n_i^2)) --> 18.8/ln((1100*190000000000000)/(17^2))

Evaluating ... ...

V_t = 0.549471683639064

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.549471683639064 Volt --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.549471683639064 ≈ 0.549472 Volt <-- Thermal Voltage

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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< 24 CMOS Design Characteristics Calculators

Ground to Agression Capacitance

Go Adjacent Capacitance = ((Victim Driver*Time Constant Ratio*Ground Capacitance)-(Agression Driver*Ground A Capacitance))/(Agression Driver-Victim Driver*Time Constant Ratio)

Victim Driver

Go Victim Driver = (Agression Driver*(Ground A Capacitance+Adjacent Capacitance))/(Time Constant Ratio*(Adjacent Capacitance+Ground Capacitance))

Agression Driver

Go Agression Driver = (Victim Driver*Time Constant Ratio*(Adjacent Capacitance+Ground Capacitance))/(Ground A Capacitance+Adjacent Capacitance)

Thermal Voltage of CMOS

Go Thermal Voltage = Built-in Potential/ln((Acceptor Concentration*Donor Concentration)/(Intrinsic Electron Concentration^2))

Built-in Potential

Go Built-in Potential = Thermal Voltage*ln((Acceptor Concentration*Donor Concentration)/(Intrinsic Electron Concentration^2))

Agressor Voltage

Go Agressor Voltage = (Victim Voltage*(Ground Capacitance+Adjacent Capacitance))/Adjacent Capacitance

Victim Voltage

Go Victim Voltage = (Agressor Voltage*Adjacent Capacitance)/(Ground Capacitance+Adjacent Capacitance)

Adjacent Capacitance

Go Adjacent Capacitance = (Victim Voltage*Ground Capacitance)/(Agressor Voltage-Victim Voltage)

Branching Effort

Go Branching Effort = (Capacitance Onpath+Capacitance Offpath)/Capacitance Onpath

Output Clock Phase

Go Output Clock Phase = 2*pi*VCO Control Voltage*VCO Gain

Total Capacitance Seen by Stage

Go Total Capacitance in Stage = Capacitance Onpath+Capacitance Offpath

Capacitance Offpath

Go Capacitance Offpath = Total Capacitance in Stage-Capacitance Onpath

Capacitance Onpath

Go Capacitance Onpath = Total Capacitance in Stage-Capacitance Offpath

Time Constant Ratio of Agression to Victim

Go Time Constant Ratio = Agression Time Constant/Victim Time Constant

Agression Time Constant

Go Agression Time Constant = Time Constant Ratio*Victim Time Constant

Victim Time Constant

Go Victim Time Constant = Agression Time Constant/Time Constant Ratio

Off-Path Capacitance of CMOS

Go Capacitance Offpath = Capacitance Onpath*(Branching Effort-1)

Change in Frequency Clock

Go Change in Frequency of Clock = VCO Gain*VCO Control Voltage

VCO Single Gain Factor

Go VCO Gain = Change in Frequency of Clock/VCO Control Voltage

VCO Control Voltage

Go VCO Control Voltage = Lock Voltage+VCO Offset Voltage

VCO Offset Voltage

Go VCO Offset Voltage = VCO Control Voltage-Lock Voltage

Lock Voltage

Go Lock Voltage = VCO Control Voltage-VCO Offset Voltage

Static Power Dissipation

Go Static Power = Static Current*Base Collector Voltage

Static Current

Go Static Current = Static Power/Base Collector Voltage

Thermal Voltage of CMOS Formula

Thermal Voltage = Built-in Potential/ln((Acceptor Concentration*Donor Concentration)/(Intrinsic Electron Concentration^2))
V_t = ψ_o/ln((N_a*N_d)/(n_i^2))

What is drive?

"Drive" in digital electronics refers to the ability of a logic gate or circuit to deliver current to its output, influencing how quickly the output voltage transitions between logic levels and playing a vital role in determining the overall performance of digital systems.

How to Calculate Thermal Voltage of CMOS?

Thermal Voltage of CMOS calculator uses Thermal Voltage = Built-in Potential/ln((Acceptor Concentration*Donor Concentration)/(Intrinsic Electron Concentration^2)) to calculate the Thermal Voltage, Thermal Voltage of CMOS is the voltage generated across a MOSFET device due to the temperature differences between the source and drain terminals. Thermal Voltage is denoted by V_t symbol.

How to calculate Thermal Voltage of CMOS using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Thermal Voltage of CMOS, enter Built-in Potential (ψ_o), Acceptor Concentration (N_a), Donor Concentration (N_d) & Intrinsic Electron Concentration (n_i) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Thermal Voltage of CMOS calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.549472 = 18.8/ln((1100*190000000000000)/(17^2)).

FAQ

What is Thermal Voltage of CMOS?

Thermal Voltage of CMOS is the voltage generated across a MOSFET device due to the temperature differences between the source and drain terminals and is represented as V_t = ψ_o/ln((N_a*N_d)/(n_i^2)) or Thermal Voltage = Built-in Potential/ln((Acceptor Concentration*Donor Concentration)/(Intrinsic Electron Concentration^2)). Built-in Potential is potential inside the MOSFET, Acceptor Concentration is the concentration of holes in acceptor state, Donor concentration is the concentration of electrons in the donor state & Intrinsic Electron Concentration is defined as the number of electrons in the conduction band or the number of holes in the valence band in intrinsic material.

How to calculate Thermal Voltage of CMOS?

Thermal Voltage of CMOS is the voltage generated across a MOSFET device due to the temperature differences between the source and drain terminals is calculated using Thermal Voltage = Built-in Potential/ln((Acceptor Concentration*Donor Concentration)/(Intrinsic Electron Concentration^2)). To calculate Thermal Voltage of CMOS, you need Built-in Potential (ψ_o), Acceptor Concentration (N_a), Donor Concentration (N_d) & Intrinsic Electron Concentration (n_i). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Built-in Potential, Acceptor Concentration, Donor Concentration & Intrinsic Electron Concentration and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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