Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient Calculator

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Race Car Vehicle Dynamics

Driveline

Front Axle and Steering

Suspension Geometry

Vehicle Collision

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Tire Behavior in Racing Car

Rates for Axle Suspension in Race Car

Ride Rate and Ride Frequency for Race Cars

Vehicle Cornering in Race Cars

Weight Transfer during Braking

Wheel Centre Rates for Independent Suspension

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Angular Velocity

Rolling

Slip Ratio

✖Vehicle Weight in Newtons is defined as the weight of the vehicle in unit of newtons.ⓘ Vehicle Weight in Newtons [M_v]			+10% -10%
✖Acceleration due to Gravity is acceleration gained by an object because of gravitational force.ⓘ Acceleration due to Gravity [g]			+10% -10%
✖Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal is defined as the angle which the ground or road is making with respect to horizontal.ⓘ Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal [α]			+10% -10%

✖Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient is defined as the force acting normally on to the wheels when the vehicle is moving up a gradient.ⓘ Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient [F_N]

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Formula

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Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient

Formula

`"F"_{"N"} = "M"_{"v"}*"g"*cos("α")`

Example

`"76365.74N"="9000N"*"9.8m/s²"*cos("0.524rad")`

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Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient = Vehicle Weight in Newtons*Acceleration due to Gravity*cos(Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal)
F_N = M_v*g*cos(α)
This formula uses 1 Functions, 4 Variables

Functions Used

cos - Cosine of an angle is the ratio of the side adjacent to the angle to the hypotenuse of the triangle., cos(Angle)

Variables Used

Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient - (Measured in Newton) - Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient is defined as the force acting normally on to the wheels when the vehicle is moving up a gradient.
Vehicle Weight in Newtons - (Measured in Newton) - Vehicle Weight in Newtons is defined as the weight of the vehicle in unit of newtons.
Acceleration due to Gravity - (Measured in Meter per Square Second) - Acceleration due to Gravity is acceleration gained by an object because of gravitational force.
Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal - (Measured in Radian) - Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal is defined as the angle which the ground or road is making with respect to horizontal.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Vehicle Weight in Newtons: 9000 Newton --> 9000 Newton No Conversion Required
Acceleration due to Gravity: 9.8 Meter per Square Second --> 9.8 Meter per Square Second No Conversion Required
Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal: 0.524 Radian --> 0.524 Radian No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

F_N = M_v*g*cos(α) --> 9000*9.8*cos(0.524)

Evaluating ... ...

F_N = 76365.7404700052

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

76365.7404700052 Newton --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

76365.7404700052 ≈ 76365.74 Newton <-- Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient

(Calculation completed in 00.020 seconds)

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Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences (RUAS), bangalore

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< 19 Tire Behavior in Racing Car Calculators

Tractive Effort in Multi-Geared Vehicle at any given Gear

Go Tractive Effort in Multi-geared Vehicle = (Torque Output of Vehicle*Gear Ratio of Transmission*Gear Ratio of Final Drive*Transmission Efficiency of Vehicle)/Effective Radius of Wheel

Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient

Go Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient = Vehicle Weight in Newtons*Acceleration due to Gravity*cos(Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal)

Wheel Force

Go Wheel Force = 2*Engine Torque*Transmission Efficiency of Vehicle/Diameter of Wheel*Engine Speed in rpm/Wheel Speed

Curb Force for Driven Wheel

Go Curb Force for Driven Wheel = (Weight on Single Wheel*Contact Point Distance from Wheel Center Axis)/(Effective Radius of Wheel-Height of Curb)

Slip of Tire

Go Slip of Tire = ((Forward Velocity of Vehicle-Vehicle Wheel Angular Velocity*Effective Radius of Wheel)/Forward Velocity of Vehicle)*100

Gradient Resistance of Vehicle

Go Gradient Resistance = Vehicle Weight in Newtons*Acceleration due to Gravity*sin(Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal)

Longitudinal Slip Velocity

Go Longitudinal Slip Velocity = Axle Speed over Roadway*cos(Slip Angle)-Circumferential Velocity of Tire under Traction

Contact Point of Wheel and Curb Distance from Wheel Center Axis

Go Contact Point Distance from Wheel Center Axis = sqrt(2*Effective Radius of Wheel*(Height of Curb-Height of Curb^2))

Traction Force Required to Climb Curb

Go Traction Force required to Climb Curb = Weight on Single Wheel*cos(Angle between Traction Force and Horizontal Axis)

Angle between Traction Force and Horizontal Axis

Go Angle between Traction Force and Horizontal Axis = asin(1-Curb Height/Effective Radius of Wheel)

Longitudinal Slip Velocity for Zero Slip Angle

Go Longitudinal (Angular) Slip Velocity = Angular Velocity of Driven (or braked) Wheel-Angular Velocity of Free Rolling Wheel

Lateral Slip Velocity

Go Lateral Slip Velocity = Axle Speed over Roadway*sin(Slip Angle)

Mechanical Advantage of Wheel and Axle

Go Mechanical Advantage of Wheel and Axle = Effective Radius of Wheel/Radius of Axle

Wheel Diameter of Vehicle

Go Wheel Diameter of Vehicle = Rim Diameter+2*Tire Side Wall Height

Tire Side Wall Height

Go Tire Side Wall Height = (Aspect Ratio of Tire*Tire Width)/100

Aspect Ratio of Tire

Go Aspect Ratio of Tire = Tire Side Wall Height/Tire Width*100

Variation of Rolling Resistance Coefficient at Varying Speed

Go Rolling Resistance Coefficient = 0.01*(1+Vehicle Speed/100)

Circumference of Wheel

Go Wheel Circumference = 3.1415*Wheel Diameter of Vehicle

Wheel Radius of Vehicle

Go Wheel Radius in Meter = Wheel Diameter of Vehicle/2

Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient Formula

Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient = Vehicle Weight in Newtons*Acceleration due to Gravity*cos(Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal)
F_N = M_v*g*cos(α)

How does the normal load act on the vehicle due to gradient?

The gradient resistance (climbing resistance, inclined road force) depends on the angle of the road inclination and the weight of the car. When the vehicle moves up a gradient, there will be a reaction force acting on the vehicle in the opposite direction of the vehicle movement. This is called the gradient resistance. This leads to a force acting on the wheels due to gradient resistance. The component of this force acts normal to the wheels and it is called as the normal load acting on the wheels due to gradient.

How to Calculate Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient?

Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient calculator uses Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient = Vehicle Weight in Newtons*Acceleration due to Gravity*cos(Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal) to calculate the Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient, The Normal load on wheels due to gradient formula is defined as the component of force acting perpendicular on the wheels when the vehicle is moving up the gradient. Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient is denoted by F_N symbol.

How to calculate Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient, enter Vehicle Weight in Newtons (M_v), Acceleration due to Gravity (g) & Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal (α) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient calculation can be explained with given input values -> 76365.74 = 9000*9.8*cos(0.524).

FAQ

What is Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient?

The Normal load on wheels due to gradient formula is defined as the component of force acting perpendicular on the wheels when the vehicle is moving up the gradient and is represented as F_N = M_v*g*cos(α) or Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient = Vehicle Weight in Newtons*Acceleration due to Gravity*cos(Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal). Vehicle Weight in Newtons is defined as the weight of the vehicle in unit of newtons, Acceleration due to Gravity is acceleration gained by an object because of gravitational force & Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal is defined as the angle which the ground or road is making with respect to horizontal.

How to calculate Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient?

The Normal load on wheels due to gradient formula is defined as the component of force acting perpendicular on the wheels when the vehicle is moving up the gradient is calculated using Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient = Vehicle Weight in Newtons*Acceleration due to Gravity*cos(Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal). To calculate Normal Load on Wheels due to Gradient, you need Vehicle Weight in Newtons (M_v), Acceleration due to Gravity (g) & Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal (α). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Vehicle Weight in Newtons, Acceleration due to Gravity & Angle of Inclination of Ground from Horizontal and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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